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Mitigation and adaptation synergy in forest sector 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
N. H. Ravindranath 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(5):843-853
Mitigation and adaptation are the two main strategies to address climate change. Mitigation and adaptation have been considered
separately in the global negotiations as well as literature. There is a realization on the need to explore and promote synergy
between mitigation and adaptation while addressing climate change. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the synergy
between mitigation and adaptation by considering forest sector, which on the one hand is projected to be adversely impacted
under the projected climate change scenarios and on the other provide opportunities to mitigate climate change. Thus, the
potential and need for incorporating adaptation strategies and practices in mitigation projects is presented with a few examples.
Firstly, there is a need to ensure that mitigation programs or projects do not increase the vulnerability of forest ecosystems
and plantations. Secondly, several adaptation practices could be incorporated into mitigation projects to reduce vulnerability.
Further, many of the mitigation projects indeed reduce vulnerability and promote adaptation, for example; forest and biodiversity
conservation, protected area management and sustainable forestry. Also, many adaptation options such as urban forestry, soil
and water conservation and drought resistant varieties also contribute to mitigation of climate change. Thus, there is need
for research and field demonstration of synergy between mitigation and adaptation, so that the cost of addressing climate
change impacts can be reduced and co-benefits increased. 相似文献
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H. Ozaki K. Sharma C. Phanuwan K. Fukushi C. Polprasert 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0031-0038
This paper deals with the present scenario of hazardous waste management practices in Thailand, and gives some insights into
future prospects. Industrialization in Thailand has systematically increased the generation of hazardous waste. The total
hazardous waste generated in 2001 was 1.65 million tons. It is estimated that over 300 million kg/year of hazardous waste
is generated from nonindustrial, community sources (e.g., batteries, fluorescent lamps, cleansing chemicals, pesticides).
No special facilities are available for handling these wastes. There are neither well-established systems for separation,
storage, collection, and transportation, nor the effective enforcement of regulations related to hazardous wastes management
generated from industrial or nonindustrial sectors. Therefore, because of a lack of treatment and disposal facilities, these
wastes find their way into municipal wastewaters, public landfills, nearby dump sites, or waterways, raising serious environmental
concern. Furthermore, Thailand does not have an integrated regulatory framework regarding the monitoring and management of
hazardous materials and wastes. In addition to the absence of a national definition of hazardous wastes, limited funding has
caused significant impediments to the effective management of hazardous waste. Thus, current waste management practices in
Thailand present significant potential hazards to humans and the environment. The challenging issues of hazardous waste management
in Thailand are not only related to a scarcity of financial resources (required for treatment and disposal facilities), but
also to the fact that there has been no development of appropriate technology following the principles of waste minimization
and sustainable development. A holistic approach to achieving effective hazardous waste management that integrates the efforts
of all sectors, government, private, and community, is needed for the betterment of human health and the environment.
Received: February 26, 2001 / Accepted: October 11, 2002 相似文献
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Savvas Kleanthous Md. Aynul Bari Guenter Baumbach Leire Sarachage-Ruiz 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(31):4745-4753
The objective of this study was to describe the ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) and its influence to air quality situation on the dry Mediterranean island of Cyprus. From October 2002 to August 2003 PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at 31 different sampling sites in Cyprus. In addition, continuous measurements of PM10 were carried out from 2003 to 2007 at a traffic and a rural site. It can be recognised that at all traffic and at some residential and urban background sites, the actual EU limit values have been exceeded. Special events e.g. long-range transport of Sahara dust storms were recorded over urban as well as rural areas in the order of 6–8 events per year, with a major frequency in summer and spring periods. The comparison of the PM10 concentrations in Cyprus cities with values of other European cities demonstrates the PM10 problem in Cyprus, especially in the dry summer season, when no rain is cleaning the air and the dry surfaces. This underlines the necessity of PM abatement strategies. 相似文献
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Z. Mokhtari-Shourijeh L. Montazerghaem M. E. Olya 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(9):3550-3563
The high surface area of porous nanofibers enhances their performance for many applications. The present study investigated electrospinning and dye adsorption properties of polymeric nanofibers which were porous by various types of salts. The salt/polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene fluoride composite nanofibers were electrospun, and the inexpensive salts such as sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used to manufacture the porous fibers. Subsequently, the salt was removed by a selective dissolution, and salt extraction of nanofibers was performed with the solution of hydrochloric acid (10 wt%). Salt/PVDF/PAN and porous PVDF/PAN composite nanofibers have been applied to dye adsorption of solution. The characteristics of nanofibers were studied by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. FTIR showed that the salt was extracted from PVDF/PAN nanofibers successfully, and SEM indicated that many pores were aligned with the nanofibers. The adsorption capacity of salt nanofibers webs and porous nanofibers webs for Basic Blue 41 were compared with each other, and porous fibers were obtained from NaHCO3 having the highest dye adsorption value. Adsorption of dyes follows the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics. 相似文献
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María Pía Areal M. Lorena Arciniegas Fernanda Horst Verónica Lassalle Francisco H. Sánchez Vera A. Alvarez Jimena S. Gonzalez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(8):3129-3138
Scientific and technological researches are devoted to obtain materials capable of retaining different kinds of pollutants, contributing to contamination solutions. In this context, hydrogels have emerged as great candidates because of their excellent absorption properties as well as good mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. More specifically, ferrogels (magnetic gels) present the extra advantage of being easily manipulated by a permanent magnet. Here, we present the results derived from the application of ferrogels as efficient tools to extract heavy metal pollutants from wastewater samples. The gels were prepared following the method of freezing and thawing of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid. Ferrogels were fully characterized and their ability to retain Cu2+ and Cd2+, as model heavy metals, was studied. Thus kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption were evaluated and modeled. The concentration of MNPs on the PVA matrix was key to improve the adsorption capability (approximately the double of retention is improved by the MNPs addition). The adsorption kinetics was determined as pseudo-second order model, whereas the Langmuir model was the most appropriate to explain the behavior of the gels. Finally reuse ability was evaluated to determine the real potential of these materials, the ferrogels demonstrated high efficiency up to about five cycles, retaining about 80–90% of their initial adsorption capability. All the results indicated that the materials are promising candidates able to compete with the commercial technology regarding to water remediation. 相似文献