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Partnerships between natural-area managers and the tourism industry have been suggested to contribute to sustainability in
protected areas. This article explores how important sustainability outcomes of partnerships are to their members, how well
they are realised and the features of partnerships leading to their achievement. In 21 case studies in Australia, interviews
(n = 97) and surveys (n = 100) showed that of 14 sustainability outcomes, improved understanding of protected areas values and improved biodiversity
conservation were the most important. Other highly ranked outcomes were greater respect for culture, heritage, and/or traditions;
improved quality of environmental conditions; social benefits to local communities; and improved economic viability of the
protected area. Scores for satisfaction with outcomes were, like those for importance, all high but were less than those for
importance for the majority, with improvement in quality of environmental conditions showing the largest gap. The satisfaction
score exceeded that for importance only for increased competitiveness of the protected area as a tourist destination. “Brown”
aspects of sustainability, i.e., decreased waste or energy use, were among the lowest-scoring outcomes for both importance
and satisfaction. The most important factor enabling sustainability outcomes was provision of benefits to partnership members.
Others were increased financial support, inclusiveness, supportive organisational and administrative arrangements, direct
involvement of decision makers, partnership maturity, creation of new relationships, decreased conflict, and stimulation of
innovation. Improving sustainability outcomes, therefore, requires maintaining these partnership attributes and also increasing
emphasis on reducing waste and resource use. 相似文献
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Spatial Differentiation of Landscape Values in the Murray River Region of Victoria, Australia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xuan Zhu Sharron Pfueller Paul Whitelaw Caroline Winter 《Environmental management》2010,45(5):896-911
This research advances the understanding of the location of perceived landscape values through a statistically based approach
to spatial analysis of value densities. Survey data were obtained from a sample of people living in and using the Murray River
region, Australia, where declining environmental quality prompted a reevaluation of its conservation status. When densities
of 12 perceived landscape values were mapped using geographic information systems (GIS), valued places clustered along the
entire river bank and in associated National/State Parks and reserves. While simple density mapping revealed high value densities
in various locations, it did not indicate what density of a landscape value could be regarded as a statistically significant
hotspot or distinguish whether overlapping areas of high density for different values indicate identical or adjacent locations.
A spatial statistic Getis–Ord Gi* was used to indicate statistically significant spatial clusters of high value densities
or “hotspots”. Of 251 hotspots, 40% were for single non-use values, primarily spiritual, therapeutic or intrinsic. Four hotspots
had 11 landscape values. Two, lacking economic value, were located in ecologically important river red gum forests and two,
lacking wilderness value, were near the major towns of Echuca-Moama and Albury-Wodonga. Hotspots for eight values showed statistically
significant associations with another value. There were high associations between learning and heritage values while economic
and biological diversity values showed moderate associations with several other direct and indirect use values. This approach
may improve confidence in the interpretation of spatial analysis of landscape values by enhancing understanding of value relationships. 相似文献
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