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An Approach Toward Understanding Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Among the most conspicuous environmental effects of roads are vehicle-related mortalities of wildlife. Research to understand
the factors that contribute to wildlife-vehicle collisions can be partitioned into several major themes, including (i) characteristics
associated with roadkill hot spots, (ii) identification of road-density thresholds that limit wildlife populations, and (iii)
species-specific models of vehicle collision rates that incorporate information on roads (e.g., proximity, width, and traffic
volume) and animal movements. We suggest that collision models offer substantial opportunities to understand the effects of
roads on a diverse suite of species. We conducted simulations using collision models and information on Blanding’s turtles
(Emydoidea blandingii), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and moose (Alces alces), species endemic to the northeastern United States that are of particular concern relative to collisions with vehicles.
Results revealed important species-specific differences, with traffic volume and rate of movement by candidate species having
the greatest influence on collision rates. We recommend that future efforts to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions be more
proactive and suggest the following protocol. For species that pose hazards to drivers (e.g., ungulates), identify collision
hot spots and implement suitable mitigation to redirect animal movements (e.g., underpasses, fencing, and habitat modification),
reduce populations of problematic game species via hunting, or modify driver behavior (e.g., dynamic signage that warns drivers
when animals are near roads). Next, identify those species that are likely to experience additive (as opposed to compensatory)
mortality from vehicle collisions and rank them according to vulnerability to extirpation. Then combine information on the
distribution of at-risk species with information on existing road networks to identify areas where immediate actions are warranted. 相似文献
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