全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2255篇 |
免费 | 302篇 |
国内免费 | 493篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 223篇 |
废物处理 | 168篇 |
环保管理 | 366篇 |
综合类 | 942篇 |
基础理论 | 502篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 565篇 |
评价与监测 | 85篇 |
社会与环境 | 76篇 |
灾害及防治 | 122篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 43篇 |
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 80篇 |
2020年 | 93篇 |
2019年 | 81篇 |
2018年 | 128篇 |
2017年 | 122篇 |
2016年 | 130篇 |
2015年 | 129篇 |
2014年 | 166篇 |
2013年 | 384篇 |
2012年 | 142篇 |
2011年 | 145篇 |
2010年 | 170篇 |
2009年 | 118篇 |
2008年 | 139篇 |
2007年 | 99篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 74篇 |
2004年 | 58篇 |
2003年 | 66篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 64篇 |
1999年 | 60篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 21篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3050条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Understanding implications of consumer behavior for wildlife farming and sustainable wildlife trade 下载免费PDF全文
A. Nuno J. M. Blumenthal T. J. Austin J. Bothwell G. Ebanks‐Petrie B. J. Godley A. C. Broderick 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):390-400
Unsustainable wildlife trade affects biodiversity and the livelihoods of communities dependent upon those resources. Wildlife farming has been proposed to promote sustainable trade, but characterizing markets and understanding consumer behavior remain neglected but essential steps in the design and evaluation of such operations. We used sea turtle trade in the Cayman Islands, where turtles have been farm raised for human consumption for almost 50 years, as a case study to explore consumer preferences toward wild‐sourced (illegal) and farmed (legal) products and potential conservation implications. Combining methods innovatively (including indirect questioning and choice experiments), we conducted a nationwide trade assessment through in‐person interviews from September to December 2014. Households were randomly selected using disproportionate stratified sampling, and responses were weighted based on district population size. We approached 597 individuals, of which 37 (6.2%) refused to participate. Although 30% of households had consumed turtle in the previous 12 months, the purchase and consumption of wild products was rare (e.g., 64–742 resident households consumed wild turtle meat [i.e., 0.3–3.5% of households] but represented a large threat to wild turtles in the area due to their reduced populations). Differences among groups of consumers were marked, as identified through choice experiments, and price and source of product played important roles in their decisions. Despite the long‐term practice of farming turtles, 13.5% of consumers showed a strong preference for wild products, which demonstrates the limitations of wildlife farming as a single tool for sustainable wildlife trade. By using a combination of indirect questioning, choice experiments, and sales data to investigate demand for wildlife products, we obtained insights about consumer behavior that can be used to develop conservation‐demand‐focused initiatives. Lack of data from long‐term social–ecological assessments hinders the evaluation of and learning from wildlife farming. This information is key to understanding under which conditions different interventions (e.g., bans, wildlife farming, social marketing) are likely to succeed. 相似文献
2.
Fishing‐gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas 下载免费PDF全文
Stuart J. Campbell Graham J. Edgar Rick D. Stuart‐Smith German Soler Amanda E. Bates 《Conservation biology》2018,32(2):401-410
Considerable empirical evidence supports recovery of reef fish populations with fishery closures. In countries where full exclusion of people from fishing may be perceived as inequitable, fishing‐gear restrictions on nonselective and destructive gears may offer socially relevant management alternatives to build recovery of fish biomass. Even so, few researchers have statistically compared the responses of tropical reef fisheries to alternative management strategies. We tested for the effects of fishery closures and fishing gear restrictions on tropical reef fish biomass at the community and family level. We conducted 1,396 underwater surveys at 617 unique sites across a spatial hierarchy within 22 global marine ecoregions that represented 5 realms. We compared total biomass across local fish assemblages and among 20 families of reef fishes inside marine protected areas (MPAs) with different fishing restrictions: no‐take, hook‐and‐line fishing only, several fishing gears allowed, and sites open to all fishing gears. We included a further category representing remote sites, where fishing pressure is low. As expected, full fishery closures, (i.e., no‐take zones) most benefited community‐ and family‐level fish biomass in comparison with restrictions on fishing gears and openly fished sites. Although biomass responses to fishery closures were highly variable across families, some fishery targets (e.g., Carcharhinidae and Lutjanidae) responded positively to multiple restrictions on fishing gears (i.e., where gears other than hook and line were not permitted). Remoteness also positively affected the response of community‐level fish biomass and many fish families. Our findings provide strong support for the role of fishing restrictions in building recovery of fish biomass and indicate important interactions among fishing‐gear types that affect biomass of a diverse set of reef fish families. 相似文献
3.
Reproductive cycle, asexual reproduction, and population dynamics of the fissiparous brittle star, Ophiactis savignyi, which inhabits the exhalant passages of the sponge Haliclona sp. were examined monthly from February 1991 to January 1992 at Wanlitung, southern Taiwan (22°N; 120°E). Mature gametes were found from March to December, but release was mainly in May and June. Sexual recruits were found from May to December, with the highest frequency (14.1% of population) in June. Sexual recruits composed 2.4% of the 1-yr sample. Sex ratio of male to female was 24:1. Fission occurred throughout the year, although the frequency of recently split individuals was lower from January to June (6 to 31%), and higher from July to December (42 to 52%). The occurrence of fission was highest after spawning. Regenerating individuals composed 48.2% of the 1-yr sample. Population density fluctuated greatly during summer due to recruitment by fission and mortality or dispersal due to the stressful environmental conditions. Both sexual and asexual reproduction of O. savignyi were successful at this site. 相似文献
4.
测试了两种消石灰与垃圾焚烧烟气中HCl的反应率,得出了消石灰的反应率与反应时间的反应曲线,分析了消石灰与HCl的反应机理及影响消石灰最终反应率的因素。试验结果表明,消石灰与HCl反应初期按灰层扩散控制进行,两种消石灰的最终反应率分别为16%和36%。 相似文献
5.
有关呼吸防护用品的知识非常重要,它不仅使我们了解每类产品的功能和特点,更重要的是了解其局限性,因为没有一种防护用品是万能的,所以这些知识可帮助我们做出尽可能安全的选择。呼吸防护用品主要分过滤式和隔绝式两类(表1)。 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Russian Journal of Ecology - The aim of this study is to explore the effects of the litter cover thickness and cleaning methods on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus densata. The overall... 相似文献
9.
基于不同废污泥源的短程反硝化快速启动及稳定性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为探究不同废污泥源快速启动短程反硝化和实现稳定NO_2~--N积累的可行性,在3个完全相同的SBR反应器(S1、S2和S3)分别接种:实验室城市污水反硝化除磷系统排泥、城市污水厂剩余污泥及河涌底泥,比较其短程反硝化启动快慢和NO_2~--N积累特性,考察系统短程反硝化活性和NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N转化性能,并从微生物学角度分析反应器功能菌群特征.结果表明,在乙酸钠为唯一碳源、高碱度和适宜COD/NO_3~--N比进水条件下,3个SBR短程反硝化反应器在短时间内均能够成功启动,系统平均NO_3~--N→NO_2~--N转化率为S1 S2 S3(75. 92% 73. 36% 69. 90%).同时发现持续低温条件下S1和S2呈现不同程度的短程反硝化性能恶化趋势,但S3能够稳定维持良好NO_2~--N积累性能.微生物高通量测序表明,变形菌门和拟杆菌门居PD系统主导地位,3个短程反硝化反应器NO_2~--N积累关键功能菌属Thauera属丰度差异明显:S3 S1 S2(25. 09% 4. 71% 3. 60%),表明S3具备稳定高效的NO_2~--N积累性能,同时高丰度Thauera属可能是维持低温短程反硝化活性的重要原因. 相似文献
10.
利用大气O3探测激光雷达在深圳市东部生态区和西部城区同步开展垂直观测,探究了2018年深圳市O3立体分布在秋季光化学污染活跃期至冬季非活跃期的演变过程.结果表明:光化学反应活跃的10月,东部地面O3浓度相对于西部地面高出约128%;地面向上至450m,O3浓度在东部生态区发生快速降低,而在西部城区由于存在“滴定效应”,O3浓度随高度升高而升高;450m~2km,东、西部O3浓度均随高度升高而降低,西部城区O3浓度水平超过东部生态区约30%;2km以上高空,东、西部O3浓度趋同(70μg/m3),并保持稳定,为具深圳市秋季O3污染过程提供了较高的大气背景浓度.高污染期间,深圳市大气边界层内O3浓度变化较为一致,西部高空的O3区域传输作用更加显著.秋季至冬季光化学反应逐渐减弱,深圳市O3浓度的水平和垂直空间差异逐渐减小,冬季的深圳市O3污染基本受大气背景控制. 相似文献