赤水河水系水环境背景值及其地球化学特征

系统地披露了赤水河水系天然河流理化指标、主要水化学成分以及原水、过滤水、悬浮物、沉积物、水生生物(鱼)等水环境要素15种微量元素的水环境背景值及其地球化学特征、规律。     

乡村振兴下水权改革的节水效应及对用水效率的影响

水资源作为社会经济发展、社会群体生存不可或缺且无法替代的生态资源要素之一,赋予水资源商品属性,不仅能够增强水权的排他性,提高水资源价值,更能通过市场机制充分优化水资源配置,提高水资源配置效率和效益,实现水资源节约与经济发展的“双赢”局面。水权改革试图通过明确水权、建立水权交易市场等途径促进农业节水、优化水资源配置。那么,水权改革是否能有效促进农业节水？是否能有效改善用水效率？对这一问题的研究不仅有助于理解水权改革与乡村振兴的关系,同时对水权改革在国家层面的推行提供政策依据。基于此,文章在理论分析水权改革对农业节水及水资源配置影响机制的基础上,利用中国30个省份（未包括西藏及港澳台地区）2003—2019年17年的长期面板数据,构建双重差分模型,验证水权改革的节水效应及对用水效率的影响。结果显示：(1)双重差分法（DID）回归结果显示,水权改革对农业灌溉节水面积具有显著的正向影响,对万元GDP用水量具有显著的负向影响,且国家级水权试点的政策效果要高于省级试点。(2)双重差分回归结果在进行平行趋势检验、排除其他政策干扰、安慰剂检验等一系列稳健性检验后,回归结果依旧具有稳健性。(3)异质性回...     

Effects of artificially induced complete mixing on dissolved organic matter in a stratified source water reservoir

Naturally complete mixing promotes the spontaneous redistribution of dissolved oxygen(DO), representing an ideal state for maintaining good water quality, and conducive to the biomineralization of organic matter. Water lifting aerators(WLAs) can extend the periods of complete mixing and increase the initial mixing temperature. To evaluate the influence of artificial-induced continuously mixing on dissolved organic matter(DOM) removal performance, the variations of DOM concentrations, optical cha...     

Effects of WOx modification on the activity, adsorption and redox properties of CeO2 catalyst for NOx reduction with ammonia

A series of WO₃/CeO₂ (WOx/CeO₂) catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation of ammonium metatungstate on a CeO₂ support. The resulting solid acid catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in-situ FT-IR) of ammonia adsorption, NH₃-TPD, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), NH₃/NO oxidation and activity measurements for NOx reduction by NH₃ (NH₃-SCR). The results show that polytungstate (WOx) species are the main species of tungsten oxide on the surface of ceria. The addition of tungsten oxide enhances the Brönsted acidity of ceria catalysts remarkably and decreases the amount of surface oxygen on ceria, with strong interaction between CeO₂ and WOx. As a result, the N₂ selectivity of NH₃ oxidation and NH₃-SCR at high temperatures (> 300℃) is enhanced. Therefore, a wide working temperature window in which NOx conversion exceeds 80% (NOx conversion > 80%) from 200 to 450℃, is achieved over 10 wt.% WOx/CeO₂ catalyst. A tentative model of the NH₃-SCR reaction route on WOx/CeO₂ catalysts is presented.     

Study on the removal of NOx from simulated flue gas using acidic NaClO2 solution

The study on the removal of NOx from simulated flue gas has been carded out in a lab-scale bubbling reactor using acidic solutions of sodium chlorite. Experiments were performed at various pH values and inlet NO concentrations in the absence or presence of SO2 gas at 45℃. The effect of SO2 on NO oxidation and NO2 absorption was critically examined. The oxidative ability of sodium chlorite was investigated at different pH values and it was found to be a better oxidant at a pH less than 4. In acidic medium, sodium chlorite decomposed into C102 gas, which is believed to participate in NO oxidation as well as in NO2 absorption. A plausible NOx removal mechanism using acidic sodium chlorite solution has been postulated. A maximum NOx removal efficiency of about 81% has been achieved.     

Advances in the treatment of multi-pollutant flue gas in China's building materials industry

In most of the world's building material industries, the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant. However, given the large capacity and high contribution of China's building materials industry to global air pollution, the need to develop multi-pollutant emission reduction technology is urgent. Recently, China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry, established many key research and development projects, and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits. This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China's building materials industry, including denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction, and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries. On this basis, revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China's building material industry are proposed.     

High performance of multi-layered alternating Ni–Fe–P and Co–P films for hydrogen evolution

Judiciously engineering the electrocatalysts is attractive and challenging to exploit materials with high electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we successfully perform the interface engineering by alternately depositing Co–P and Ni–Fe–P films on nickel foam, via facile electroless plating and de-alloying process. This work shows that there is a significant effect of de-alloying process on alloy growth. The electronic structure of layered alloys is improved by interface engineering. The multilayer strategy significantly promotes the charge transfer. Importantly, the Co–P/Ni–Fe–P/NF electrode fabricated by interface engineering exhibits excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity with an overpotential of 43.4 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term durability for 72 h in alkaline medium (1 mol L-1 KOH). The innovative strategy of this work may aid further development of commercial electrocatalysts.     

乌江流域大气降水微量元素丰度及地面水物质来源探究

通过对降水中15种微量元素含量研究，给出了乌江流域降水中15种微量元素的含量均值。通过对河流水系微量元素来源探讨，分析了大气降水和地下水对地面水的影响作用。     

Leaching and degradation of ethametsulfuron-methyl in soil

Leaching and degradation of the herbicide ethametsulfuron-methyl[methyl 2-[(4-ethoxy-6-methylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]benzoate] in three soils were investigated under laboratory conditions. Ethametsulfuron-methyl was mobile on soils when tested using non-aged and aged soil columns; this mobility agreed reasonably well with Freundlich soil isotherm constants. It was found that ethametsulfuron-methyl was more mobile in alkaline sandy Vertisol soil and neutral loamy Alfisol soil than in acidic clayey Red soil. Degradation of ethametsulfuron-methyl in soils was pH-dependent; calculated half-life (t(1/2)) values ranged from 13 to 67 days. Ethametsulfuron-methyl was more persistent in neutral or weakly basic than in acidic soil. Five soil metabolites were isolated and identified by LC/MS/MS analysis. The degradation pathways included the cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge, N- and O-dealkylation, and triazine ring opening.     

Effects of humic substances on photodegradation of bensulfuron-methyl on dry soil surfaces

The photodegradation of the herbicide bensulfuron-methyl on dry soil surfaces in the presence and absence of humic substances was investigated under Xe lamp irradiation. A rapid rate of disappearance occurs in the humus-removed soil. The presence of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) reduces degradation rates and has a quenching effect on the photodecomposition of bensulfuron-methyl. The quenching effect increases with increasing HA and FA concentration in soil. HA has a slightly greater ability to quenching the photolysis compared to FA. In addition, co-effects of HA and FA on quenching the photolysis are stronger than single effects of HA or FA.