A comparison of hydrocarbons emission from engine running 85# gasoline and M-100 methanol fuel

Increasing global interest in methanoi fuel has led us to investigate the exhaust emissionsof its engine. Analysis of its inorganic and organic emissions. such as CO. NO_x and hydrocarbons(total HC) have been widely reported. This paper presents an analysis of more than 20 kinds ofhydrocarbons in the emissions obtained from a spark-ignition Shanghai car running 85^# gasoline anda comparison with emission from a Santana test car running M-100 methanol fuel. A set ofenrichment method has also been described. Test results show that at the current stage of methanolengine development the concentration of individual hydrocarbon including some poisonous substancesis lower than those of normal gasoline engine.     

Microwave digestion method in environmental analysis

Ｍｉｃｒｏｗａｖｅｄｉｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ（ＷａｄｓｗｏｒｔｈＣｅｎｔｒｅ，ＮｅｗＹｏｒｋＳｔａｔｅＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＨｅａｌｔｈＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＰｕｂｌｉｃＨｅａｌｔｈ，Ｓ...     

Decomposition of CF3CI by corona discharge

In this paper pulsed corona discharge is shown to be effective for the decomposition of CF₃Cl(Freon-13).The pressure of CF₃Cl was 2.67×10³Pa,after discharged for 2 min,39.5% of CF₃Cl was decomposed.The products were mainly CF₄,Cl₂ and CF₂Cl₂.The yield increased by adding O₂ or air.Under the same conditions,more than 94% decomposition yield was obtained if 5.32×10³Pa O₂ or air was added.The composition of products became CF₂O,Cl₂ and CF₄.While the partial pressure of O₂ or air reached 1 arm,the decomposition yield decreased to 54.5% and 48. 5% respectively.     

CO2 capture and conversion to value-added products promoted by MXene-based materials

Carbon dioxide(CO₂ ) capture and conversion is the key route for the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and utilization of carbon sources to obtain value-added products or fuels. Much attention is paid to the development of novel materials with high CO₂ adsorption capacity and conversion rate. MXene is the graphene-like two-dimensional metal carbide/nitride/carbonitride owning favorable structure, morphology, high surface-bulk ratio, and physicochemical properties. Here, w...     

Aging activity of DDE in dissimilar rice soils in a greenhouse experiment

A green-house study was conducted in late 2005 to investigate the aging behavior of p,p'-DDE in two types of soil, Hydragric Anthrosols (An) and Hydragric Acrisols (Ac), according to the World Reference Base (WRB) [FAO/ISRIC/ISSS. 1998. World reference base for soil resources. World soil resources reports, Rome. p. 87]. Paddy rice and dry rice were grown in submerged paddy soils and non-submerged upland soils, respectively. The concentration of extractable p,p'-DDE in fresh DDE-spiked soils was 746.2ngg(-1). During the first few weeks of the experiment, the extractability of p,p'-DDE became increasingly low as the aging period prolonged. However, certain amount of p,p'-DDE that had been captured by soil minerals and organic matter (OM) could be released and became extractable in the later period. The extractability of p,p'-DDE in submerged soils was significantly lower than that in non-submerged soil, because flooding could increase the binding of pollutants to soil particles. The plantation of both dry rice and paddy rice slowed down the aging process of p,p'-DDE. After one month's growth of rice, p,p'-DDE bound to soil particles was released and became extractable. The OM and silt content of An are higher than that of Ac, resulting in more bound residues and relative lower extractability of p,p'-DDE in An. In addition, the extractability of p,p'-DDE could be reduced by the addition of rice straw to soils.     

Non-microcystin producing Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek (Cyanobacteria) representing a main waterbloom-forming species in Chinese waters

It is well known that several morphospecies of Microcystis, such as Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann and Microcystis viridis (A. Brown) Lemmermann can produce hepatotoxic microcystins. However, previous studies gave contradictory conclusions about microcystin production of Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek. In the present study, ten Microcystis morphospecies were identified in waterblooms of seven Chinese waterbodies, and Microcystis wesenbergii was shown as the dominant species in these waters. More than 250 single colonies of M. wesenbergii were chosen, under morphological identification, to examine whether M. wesenbergii produce hepatotoxic microcystin by using multiplex PCR for molecular detection of a region (mcyA) of microcystin synthesis genes, and chemical analyses of microcystin content by ELISA and HPLC for 21 isolated strains of M. wesenbergii from these waters were also performed. Both molecular and chemical methods demonstrated that M. wesenbergii from Chinese waters did not produce microcystin.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

FT-ICR mass spectrometry for molecular characterization of water-insoluble organic compounds in winter atmospheric fine particulate matters

Water-insoluble organic compounds（WIOCs） are an important fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matters(PM_2.5), which could affect the climate system and threaten human health potentially. In this study, molecular characterization of WIOCs in PM_2.5 were investigated by 15 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry（FT-ICR MS） with atmospheric pressure photoionization（APPI） source in positive ion mode. A total of 2573 and1875 molecular formulas were iden...     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.