简讯

上海市第一届微量元素与健康学术研讨会于5月中旬在科学会堂举行。大会共收到论文63篇,分别就微量元素测试技术、微量元素与食品营养、微量元素在环境保护中的应     

过氧化氢催化氧化难降解废水的研究

文章以过氧化氢为氧化剂,以γ-Al2O3为载体采用浸渍法制得不同金属含量的九种催化剂进行催化氧化实验,并优选出以5.0%Co、2.5?(质量百分含量)催化剂CODcr去除率较好,并确定此催化剂在常温常压下,反应时间为30 min,pH=6,氧化剂用量为30g/L时,CODcr的去除率最高为83%,这样不仅提高了BOD5/CODcr值,而且有利于后续生化处理,减轻后续处理装置负荷.     

白洋淀地区的多氯联苯污染研究

对白洋淀地区不同类型纸厂排水口底泥及保定市排污渠底泥进行了ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ分析，可萃取有机氯（ＥＯＣｌ）含量测定，检出了多氯联苯和有机氯农药。用截止分子量为１０００道尔顿的透析袋方法对相应地区的水体进行了检测，发现水体中可检出含氯农药六六六，但多氯联苯等由于水中存在浓度低未能检出，同样样品的ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＣＯＭ结果表明，水体中主要存在的亲脂性有机污染物为：蒽酮、蒽二酮、苯胺、氯代烃、邻苯二甲酸酯类和苯系物。     

One-step preparation of a novel graphitic biochar/Cu0/Fe3O4 composite using CO2-ambiance pyrolysis to activate peroxydisulfate for dye degradation

Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO₂ ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO₂ catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ to Cu⁰ and Fe₃O₄,respectively.According to the a...     

Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as well.Levels of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids(PFCAs and PFSAs), in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters(PAPs) were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids(FTSAs) was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

面向业务驱动的大气环境数据资源分类体系及应用研究

在对分类法和分类体系发展综述的基础上,总结分类法在知识管理中的功能转变,分析不同分类体系下有关环境行业的类目特点、局限性;对大数据发展背景下以数据共享为核心的分类体系方法——美国电子政务共享框架(Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework,FEA框架)的数据分类、元数据服务的思想...     

混凝—催化氧化法处理丁苯橡胶生产废水

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为混凝剂,以H2O2-O3为氧化剂,采用混凝-催化氧化法处理对丁苯橡胶生产废水。考察了混凝剂种类及其加入量、废水pH对混凝处理效果的影响,氧化剂及其加入量、反应时间和废水pH对COD去除率的影响。实验得出的最佳工艺条件：混凝实验,废水pH为7、PAC和PAM加入量为400mg／L和4mg／L;催化氧化实验,废水pH为7～8、H2O2加入量为200mg／L、H2O2与O3的质量比为0．5。处理后,废水COD从860mg／L降至145mg／L,COD去除率达83．1％,出水水质达到国家二级排放标准。     

秋冬季，孩子得了支原体肺炎后怎么办

<正>今年入秋以来,支原体肺炎就呈现出抢占各地百姓生活头条的趋势,尤其在儿童青少年中发病率居高不下,家长们也特别焦虑,一有风吹草动就要去医院,客观上加剧了当前医院儿科门诊患者扎堆、就诊量居高不下的现象。立冬后气温还会进一步降低,我们如何科学应对支原体肺炎,保持健康的身体？笔者这里就和大家说说有关支原体肺炎及其预防康复事宜。