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排序方式: 共有75条查询结果,搜索用时 13 毫秒
1.
Catherine Potvin Petra Tschakert Frédéric Lebel Kate Kirby Hector Barrios Judith Bocariza Jaime Caisamo Leonel Caisamo Charianito Cansari Juan Casamá Maribel Casamá Laura Chamorra Nesar Dumasa Shira Goldenberg Villalaz Guainora Patrick Hayes Tim Moore Johana Ruíz 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(8):1341-1362
This paper is part of a two-year study to investigate the feasibility of initiating a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project
in an indigenous community of Eastern Panamá, Ipetí-Emberá. We use participatory mapping and matrices as well as household
surveys to develop a land-use/land-cover baseline scenario and examine the role of local participation in assessing land-use
change. In Ipetí, land-use change has not occurred in a linear way over the last decades, and our data unveils socio-economic
factors as potential key drivers of change. The concordance that we observed between geographic information and individual
and collective perceptions of land-use change substantiates the possibility of using local knowledge in the establishment
of baseline data for CDM projects. Our calculations suggest that the total carbon (C) stocks in the Tierra Colectiva (TC) of Ipetí-Emberá in 2004 represents a 47% reduction from the estimated C stock at the onset of settlement in the early
1970’s. Results from the participatory assessments predict that, in 2024 and in absence of a CDM project, the C stocks will
decline from 301,859 t C in 2004 to 155,730 t C, which constitutes a reduction of 52%. The scenario with CDM estimates C stocks
of 305,853 t C for 2024, a value slightly superior to the 2004 value. In the TC there is ground to believe that cattle ranching
is likely to become an ever more important activity as the population is young and growing and cannot easily move elsewhere.
Forests tend to be cleared for cultivation while pastures are established on short fallows. Our baseline scenario underlines
the potential for a CDM project to make a significant difference in the future C stocks of this landscape. 相似文献
2.
Huynh Ngoc Phien Anat Arbhabhirama 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(5):856-861
ABSTRACT: The effects of the selections of plotting position formulae and class division schemes on goodness of fit tests are investigated for the extreme-value type-1 distribution using annual flood and annual maximum daily rainfall data. It was found that the plotting position formulae have a minor influence on the tests which involve their use, while the class division schemes may have a pronounced effect on the X2-test. The study also recommended the maximum likelihood method for fitting purposes and a new test which is independent of the afore-mentioned selections for judging the goodness of fit. 相似文献
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Anat Levi-Zada Shaul Ben-Yehuda Ezra Dunkelblum Galina Gindin Daniela Fefer Alex Protasov Tatiana Kuznetsowa Shulamit Manulis-Sasson Zvi Mendel 《Chemoecology》2011,21(4):227-233
The yellow-legged clearwing (YLC) Synanthedon vespiformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) occurs in the Mediterranean and central Europe. It is polyphagous, boring into the woody parts of broadleaf species including forest trees as well as various Rosaceae species. S. vespiformis has been reported as an economically important pest causing severe injury to stone fruit plantations. Many attractants for sesiid species were discovered by random field screening using 2,13- and 3,13-octadecadienyl alcohols, acetates and aldehydes, including one for S. vespiformis; and about 20 sex pheromones of sesiids have been identified so far. In the present study we identified the natural composition of the sex pheromone of YLC laboratory reared females as a blend of E3,Z13- and Z3,Z13-octadecadienyl acetates, at a ratio of 4:1. We developed an efficient lure for monitoring the pest. Pheromone funnel traps with rubber septa, impregnated with 1 mg pheromone blend, efficiently captured males for 10 weeks. Suspension of Shin-Etsu? ropes containing a 2:1 blend of E3,Z13-18:Ac and Z3,Z13-18:Ac at 13.74 mg/ha/h, resulted in shutdown of trap catches in the treated plots and closely situated neighboring plots indicating that mating disruption is feasible. 相似文献
6.
Use of geographic information systems for assessing groundwater pollution potential by pesticides in Central Thailand 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
This study employed geographic information systems (GIS) technology to evaluate the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide pollution in Thailand. The study area included three provinces, Kanchana Buri, Ratcha Buri, and Suphan Buri, located in west-central Thailand. Factors used for the vulnerability assessment included soil texture, slope, land use, well depth, and rainfall. These vulnerability factors were reclassified to a common scale, and a weighted average was computed to yield a vulnerability score. Vulnerability factors and weights were assigned considering pesticide concentrations in 90 wells throughout the study area. Well depth was the most significant vulnerability factor. Groundwater vulnerability maps were generated for several pesticides. The eastern, agricultural part of the study area has relatively deep wells and fine soils. Shallow wells are present in the mountainous west; however, fewer pesticides are applied in that region. Consequently, much of the study area had a medium groundwater vulnerability rating, although there were pockets of high vulnerability, for example, in agricultural areas with shallow wells. The groundwater vulnerability maps are effective for identifying locations warranting more detailed groundwater pollution and vulnerability investigations. 相似文献
7.
Romo S Fernández F Ouahid Y Barón-Sola Á 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(2):939-949
Cyanobacteria dominance and cyanotoxin production can become major threats to humans and aquatic life, especially in warm
shallow lakes, which are often dominated by cyanobacteria. This study investigates the occurrence and distribution of microcystins
(MCYST) in water, cell-bound and in the tissues of the commercial mugilid Liza sp. in the largest, coastal, Spanish Mediterranean lake (Albufera of Valencia). This is the first report concerning microcystin
accumulation in tissues of mugilid fish species. Considerable amounts of microcystins were found in the water and seston,
which correlated with development of Microcystis aeruginosa populations in the lake. The MCYST concentrations found in Lake Albufera (mean 1.7 and 17 μg/L and maximum 16 and 120 μg/L
in water and seston, respectively) exceeded by one to two orders of magnitude the guideline levels proposed by the World Health
Organization and were higher than that reported in other lakes of the Mediterranean zone. The presence of MCYST was found
in all the fishes studied and accumulated differently among tissues of the commercial species Liza sp. Toxin accumulation in fish tissues showed that although the target organ for MCYST was the liver, high concentrations
of microcystins were also found in other analysed tissues (liver>intestine>gills>muscle). Human tolerable daily intake for
microcystins is assessed relative to the WHO guidelines, and potential toxicological risks for humans, wildlife and related
ecosystems of the lake are discussed. 相似文献
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This research used knowledge of the indigenous practice of timing nontimber forest product harvest with the full moon to demonstrate that chemicals controlling the decomposition rate of foliage fluctuate with the lunar cycle and may have developed as a result of plant-herbivore interactions. Indigenous knowledge suggests that leaves harvested during the full moon are more durable. Palm leaves harvested during the full moon had higher total C, hemicellulose, complex C and lower Ca concentrations. These chemical changes should make palm leaves less susceptible to herbivory and more durable when harvested during the full moon. This study proposes a mechanism by which plants in the tropics minimize foliage herbivory and influence the decomposition rates of senesced leaves and their durability, especially during the full moon. This research supports the need to use natural life cycles in managing forests and provides a scientific basis for an indigenous community's harvesting practice. 相似文献
10.
Yechiel Soffer Avishay Goldberg Galit Avisar‐Shohat Robert Cohen Yaron Bar‐Dayan 《Disasters》2010,34(1):205-213
Knowledge of appropriate behaviour during an earthquake is crucial for prevention of injury and loss of life. The Israeli Home Front Command conducts a yearly earthquake education programme in all Israeli schools, using three types of educational interventions: lectures, drills and a combination of the two. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in providing students with knowledge. We distributed a questionnaire to 2,648 children from the 5th and 6th grades in 120 schools nationwide. Knowledge scores for both 5th and 6th grades were increased, regardless of type of intervention, compared to the non-exposure group. A combined intervention of lectures and drills resulted in the highest knowledge scores. Our findings suggest that for the age group studied a combination of lectures and drills will likely prepare students best for how to behave in the event of an earthquake. 相似文献