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Nicolas Nantel-Fortier Ann Letellier Virginie Lachapelle Philippe Fravalo Yvan L’Homme Julie Brassard 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(4):296-304
Viral contamination along the production chain is a significant concern in both food safety and livestock health. Pigs have been reported to act as a reservoir for zoonotic viruses, sometimes emerging ones, and epidemiological studies have shown direct links between the consumption of uncooked pork offal and cases of hepatitis caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 in humans. The presence of HEV in swine herds has been reported, but its dissemination in pork production environments is still unknown. To investigate viral contamination sources in the swine industry, 452 environment and fecal samples, including samples from livestock transportation vehicles, were collected over a period of 11 months from ten farms and one slaughterhouse that together represent a single production network. Hepatitis E virus RNA was detected by nested RT-PCR in 32 samples from both inside and outside farm buildings, on trucks, and, mostly, from fomites collected in the slaughterhouse yard, such as on a utility vehicle. Phylogenetic analysis showed a wide diversity of HEV genotype 3 strains, similar to human and swine strains previously found. According to the results of this study, the movements of trucks and utility vehicles might play an important role in HEV dissemination on a slaughterhouse site and throughout an entire network. 相似文献
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In order to assess the intake of lead and cadmium by consumers of home grown vegetables in urban areas, replicated experimental plots of uniform size, comprising summer and winter crops, were established in 94 gardens and allotments in nine towns and cities in England.The geometric mean lead and cadmium concentrations for the soils (n = 94) were 217 g g–1 (ranging from 27 to 1,676 g g–1) and 0.53 g g–1 (<0.2–5.9 g g–1), respectively. Compared with agricultural soils, the garden and allotment soils contained elevated levels of lead but not cadmium.Lead concentrations in the vegetables ranged from <0.25 g g–1 to 16.7 g g–1 dry weight and cadmium concentrations ranged from <0.025 g g–1 to 10.4 g g–1 dry weight. Lead concentrations were higher than reported background levels, although <1% exceeded the statutory limit for saleable food in the UK (1 g g–1 fresh weight). Cadmium concentrations were generally similar to background levels. 相似文献
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Lunag Marcelino N. Abana Alexander S. Agcaoili Juco P. Arellano Jillien Kaith T. Caluza Coleen Angela G. Decena Nick Brylle V. Paz Emmanuel R. Dela Delgado Lyka Angela B. Obero Aaron F. Ocampo Don Miguel E. Sacdalan Charlene Ann D. 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(2):1216-1226
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The daily use of facemask to prevent virus transmission increases the negative effect on the environment because of improper waste disposal. Due to... 相似文献
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Joris Mergaert Caroline Anderson Ann Wouters Jean Swings 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1994,2(3):177-183
The microbial degradation of tensile test pieces made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] or copolymers with 10% [P(3HB-co-10%3HV)] and 20% [P(3HB-co-20%3HV)] 3-hydroxyvaleric acid was studied in small household compost heaps. Degradation was measured through loss of weight (surface erosion) and changes in molecular weight and mechanical strength. It was concluded, on the basis of weight loss and loss of mechanical properties, that P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV) plastics were degraded in compost by the action of microorganisms. No decrease inM
w could be detected during the degradation process. The P(3HB-co-20%3HV) copolymer was degraded much faster than the homopolymer and P(3HB-co-10%3HV). One hundred nine microbial strains capable of degrading the polymersin vitro were isolated from the samples used in the biodegradation studies, as well as from two other composts, and identified. They consisted of 61 Gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,Acidovorax facilis), 10 Gram-positive bacteria (mainlyBacillus megaterium), 35Streptomyces strains, and 3 molds. 相似文献
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In this study, pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to compensate for the loss of strength and durability of concrete containing recycled aggregate. As a result, 30% PFA and 65% GGBS concretes increased the compressive strength to the level of control specimens cast with natural granite gravel, but the tensile strength was still lowered at 28 days. Replacement with PFA and GGBS was effective in raising the resistance to chloride ion penetrability into the concrete body, measured by a rapid chloride ion penetration test based on ASTM C 1202-91. It was found that the corrosion rate of 30% PFA and 65% GGBS concretes was kept at a lower level after corrosion initiation, compared to the control specimens, presumably due to the restriction of oxygen and water access. However, it was less effective in increasing the chloride threshold level for steel corrosion. Hence, it is expected that the corrosion time for 30% PFA and 65% GGBS concrete containing recycled aggregate mostly equates to the corrosion-free life of control specimens. 相似文献
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Patrik Kraufvelin Ann Lindholm Morten Foldager Pedersen Lars Andreas Kirkerud Erik Bonsdorff 《Marine Biology》2010,157(1):29-47
The littoral zone of temperate rocky shores is normally dominated by perennial macroalgae (e.g. Fucus, Ascophyllum, Laminaria), but nutrient enrichment and/or permanently decreased wave action may lead to structural community changes from dominance
of perennials to increased amounts of annual opportunistic species (mainly green algae). Macroalgal biomass, diversity and
production as well as relationships between the two latter were studied using Solbergstrand’s rocky shore mesocosms in SE
Norway in connection with a long-term experimental manipulation of nutrient addition and wave action (high and low levels
of both factors applied in a crossed way to eight outdoor basins). After more than 2 years of experimental treatment, the
total standing stock of macroalgae was larger in low nutrient than in high nutrient treatments as well as in high wave compared
to low wave treatments (in autumn only). For macroalgal functional groups, bushy and filamentous brown and filamentous red
algae were generally favoured by low nutrient concentrations, while annual filamentous and sheet-like green algae were stimulated
by the nutrient enrichment. There was only one significant interaction between nutrient enrichment and wave action (for brown
filamentous algae in autumn) and also only one significant main effect of the wave treatment (for bushy brown algae in autumn).
Surprisingly, the high nutrient treatments supported a higher diversity of macroalgae, whereas the low nutrient treatments
generally showed higher production rates. Moreover, significantly negative correlations were found between macroalgal diversity
and primary productivity in both summer and autumn. This study shows that it is the biological components of the communities
subjected to external forcing (nutrient addition or decreased wave action) that regulate production and this contradicts the
common misperception that resource production in natural systems simply can be fast-forwarded by fertilization. The negative
relationships between diversity and productivity, although a consequence of unexpected results for diversity and production,
are also novel and hint towards species identities having more important functional consequences than general species dominance
patterns and the amount of species per se. These results also emphasise the context dependency of findings within the field
of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. 相似文献