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Tone River supplies most of the water requirements of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA). Lowering of Tone flow and yearly
fluctuation, however, is causing water shortage along TMA nowadays. This study investigated the future water availability
scenarios under climatic changes. A state-of-the-art approach to utilize the output of several GCM has been demonstrated to
investigate the future water availability scenarios for TMA from the Tone River. An integrated modeling approach for water
balance considering several hydrological risk indices was adopted to quantify the future changes in this case. It is observed
that the future summer precipitation along the Tone basin is going to be increased considerably, while an almost constant
or decreasing trend is observed for winter season. Natural flow availability for winter or spring seasons thus can be crucial
under future scenarios. After reservoir routing, the hydrological risk indices estimated, however, were not found to be changed
significantly due to the presence of a robust reservoir system at the upstream. 相似文献
2.
Anthropogenic radionuclides in the Japan Sea: their distributions and transport processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ito T Aramaki T Kitamura T Otosaka S Suzuki T Togawa O Kobayashi T Senjyu T Chaykovskaya EL Karasev EV Lishavskaya TS Novichkov VP Tkalin AV Shcherbinin AF Volkov YN 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,68(3):249-267
The anthropogenic radionuclides, (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239+240)Pu, were measured in the water column of the Japan Sea/East Sea during 1997-2000. The vertical profiles of radionuclide concentrations showed: exponential decrease with depth for (90)Sr and (137)Cs, and surface minimum/subsurface maximum for (239+240)Pu. These results do not differ substantially from results reported previously. The area-averaged concentrations of radionuclides in the Japan Sea are higher than those found in the Northwest Pacific Ocean below surface layer showing the accumulation of the radionuclides in the deep waters in the Japan Sea. Concerning spatial distributions, the area of high (137)Cs inventory extends from the Japan Basin into the Yamato Basin. It is suggested that wintertime convection of water, occurring mainly in the Japan Basin, causes the radionuclides to sink. The nuclides then advect into the Yamato Basin after detouring around the Yamato Rise. 相似文献
3.
Aya Yoshida Atsushi Terazono Toshiya Aramaki Keisuke Hanaki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):8-15
China has been the largest importer of secondary materials for recycling from Japan during the past decade. In this study, we analyzed the transfer of major secondary materials (plastic, steel, copper, and aluminum scrap) from Japan to China. We identified specific destinations for secondary materials, and the characteristics of secondary materials transferred to China. The major destination for the transfer of secondary materials to China is Guangdong province and part of the Huadong area (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu). Most scrap metal imported into China is of low quality. The destinations of most high-quality nonferrous scrap, imported as processed goods on consignment or through the transit improvement trade, are the northeast border provinces, especially Xinjiang Uighur province. The coefficients of specialization for Chinese cities were different from those for the provinces. Guangdong shows an average recycling structure for China. The structure gradually changes from south to north. 相似文献
4.
There is increasing concern about landfilling of biodegradable wastes. Therefore, biological treatment processes such as composting and biogasification have been considered as alternative strategies for managing those wastes. In this work, life cycle assessment was employed to compare the environmental impacts of landfilling, composting, and biological treatment of municipal solid waste in S?o Paulo City, Brazil. Energy consumption, recovered resources, and emissions to air and water were quantified and analyzed in terms of their potential contribution to global warming, acidification, and nutrient enrichment impact. The results demonstrated that processes that require high levels of energy consumption, such as wastewater treatment, play an important role in the outcome of environmental impact potentials. It was found that the landfilling of all waste is generally the worst strategy from an environmental point of view. However, significant reductions in the resulting impacts can be accomplished through biogasification and composting of the biodegradable fraction. Regarding composting, the application of a biofilter for gas treatment reduced significantly the gaseous emissions. 相似文献
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In this study, improvements of different types of environmental issues in Japan, (i) reduction of mortality risk due to exposure to suspended particulate matter (SPM), (ii) improvement of the water quality of an urban river, and (iii) protection of goshawks, were evaluated in monetary terms using choice experiments. It was found that the reduction of mortality risk and the improvement of the water quality were highly valued, while residents did not place high value on the protection of goshawks. However, scope sensitivity was not observed in the evaluation of each issue and the presence of moral satisfaction was revealed. Excluding the effect of lexicographic choices could partly solve the problem concerning scope sensitivity. The results suggested that non-scope sensitive values that were unrelated to or inconsistent with the level of environmental improvement could be estimated through choice experiments in this research. 相似文献
6.
Hiramatsu Ai Hanaki Keisuke Aramaki Toshiya 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2003,8(3):293-310
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was adopted in the Kyoto Protocol as a flexibility mechanism to reduce greenhouse gases
(GHGs) and has been started with such projects as improving efficiency of individual technology. Although applying various
countermeasures to urban areas has significant potentials for reducing GHGs, these countermeasures have not been proposed
as CDM projects in the practical stage. A CDM project needs to be validated that it will reduce GHGs additionally compared
with a baseline, that is, a predictive value of GHG emissions in the absence of the project. This study examined the introduction
of solid waste incineration with electricity generation into three different cities, A, B and C. The combination of main solid
waste treatment and fuel source are landfill and coal, respectively, in City A, incineration and natural gas in City B, and
landfill and hydro in City C. GHG emission reductions of each city under several baseline options assumed here were evaluated.
Even if the same technology is introduced, the emission reduction greatly varies according to the current condition and the
future plan of the city: 1043–1406 kg CO2/t of waste in City A, 198–580 kg CO2/t in City B, and wide range of zero to over 1000 kg CO2/tin City C. Baseline options also cause significant difference in the emission reduction even in the same city (City C).
Incinerating solid waste after removing plastics by source separation in City B increased GHG emission reduction potential
up to 730–900 kg CO2/t, which enhances the effectiveness as a CDM project.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Using conjoint analysis, we estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) of households for source separation of plastic waste and the improvement of related environmental impacts, the residents' loss of life expectancy (LLE), the landfill capacity, and the CO(2) emissions. Unreliable respondents were identified and removed from the sample based on their answers to follow-up questions. It was found that the utility associated with reducing LLE and with the landfill capacity were both well expressed by logarithmic functions, but that residents were indifferent to the level of CO(2) emissions even though they approved of CO(2) reduction. In addition, residents derived utility from the act of separating plastic waste, irrespective of its environmental impacts; that is, they were willing to practice the separation of plastic waste at home in anticipation of its "invisible effects", such as the improvement of citizens' attitudes toward solid waste issues. 相似文献
8.
Nguyen My Linh Aramaki Toshiya 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2499-2509
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this empirical study, a questionnaire survey targeting Hanoi City was conducted, gathering 778 samples from the whole metropolitan area. Using... 相似文献
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