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Jordan T. Perkins Michael C. Petriello Bradley J. Newsome Bernhard Hennig 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(3):2160-2172
The pathology of cardiovascular disease is multi-faceted, with links to many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Epidemiological evidence now implicates exposure to persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with an increased risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; all of which are clinically relevant to the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease. PCBs exert their cardiovascular toxicity either directly or indirectly via multiple mechanisms, which are highly dependent on the type and concentration of PCBs present. However, many PCBs may modulate cellular signaling pathways leading to common detrimental outcomes including induction of chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. With the abundance of potential toxic pollutants increasing globally, it is critical to identify sensible means of decreasing associated disease risks. Emerging evidence now implicates a protective role of lifestyle modifications such as increased exercise and/or nutritional modulation via anti-inflammatory foods, which may help to decrease the vascular toxicity of PCBs. This review will outline the current state of knowledge linking coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs to cardiovascular disease and describe the possible molecular mechanism of this association. 相似文献
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Bruce Lighthart Victor E. Hiatt August T. Rossano Jr 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):639-642
Aerosols of Serratia marcescens ATCC 274 were suspended in a 709L rotating drum at 20 ± 1 °C and high to mid-range relative humidities. At specified times after bacterial aerosolization, sulfur dioxide was added to concentrations of 2.5, or 5 mg/m3. Viable cell decay rate constants, in control aerosols without added sulfur dioxide, increased rapidly from near 100% to 60% RH in the first hour (termed: young aerosol) of suspension, and from a minimum rate constant at 80% in the succeeding four hours (termed: old aerosol).Upon addition of sulfur dioxide to a cloud of S. marcescens, generally, viable cell decay rate constants increased further. One exception was at 80% relative humidity where maximum resistance to SO2 accelerated death was observed for old aerosols. Cells in young aerosols were particularly sensitive to SO2 addition at mid-range humidities, while in older aerosols the cells were insensitive to up to 5 mg SO2/m3 introduced at high RH; but were up to 10 times more sensitive than cells in young aerosols to a given increase (from 2.5 to 5 mg/m3) in SO2 concentration at mid-range humidities. 相似文献
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August H. Auer Jr. 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1188-1191
Under the auspices of Project METROMEX, studies of visibility de-teoration downwind of St. Louis were conducted during July-August 1974-1975. Estimates of horizontal visual range, standard meteorological data, and aerosol characteristics within the mixing layer were acquired upwind, over, and downwind of the metropolitan area by means of airborne transects. Aerosol number, surface, and volume distributions for particles between 0.025-2.5 µm were generated from the airborne measurement of Aitken nucleus concentrations, cloud condensation nuclei, and aerosols detected in situ with optical probes. Visibility reduction amounting to 50% of prevailing regional upwind visibilities consistently occurs at a distance corresponding to 2-3 hours travel time downwind for an air parcel moving with the mean transport wind. The regions of visibility minimum do not coincide with locations of maximum Aitken nucleus concentrations, but rather correspond in space and time to increased values of cloud condensation nuclei and increased numbers of particles in the 0.1-2.5 µm diameter range. Comparisons of observed aerosol evolution with similar laboratory studies suggest that most of the light scattering aerosols are of secondary origin. 相似文献
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Air stripping of ammonia from pig slurry: characterisation and feasibility as a pre- or post-treatment to mesophilic anaerobic digestion 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The objective of the present paper has been to study the effect of pig slurry waste type, fresh or anaerobically digested, and the effect of initial pH on ammonia air stripping from pig slurry waste at high temperature (80 degrees C). Stripping process as pre- or post-treatment to anaerobic digestion has been also evaluated. Treatment performances differ according to pig slurry type. When fresh pig slurry is used, despite working at 80 degrees C, a high initial pH (11.5) is required for complete ammonia removal. On the other hand, for digested pig slurry, complete ammonia removal without pH modification is possible and organic matter significantly less contaminates recovered ammonia salt. Batch anaerobic tests showed that ammonia air stripping is not an advisable pre-treatment to pig slurry anaerobic digestion. 相似文献
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August Curley A. H. El‐Sebae 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):611-614
Abstract Eight pairs of O‐methyl and O‐ethyl O‐(substituted‐phenyl) phenylphosphonothionates were evaluated with respect to their delayed neurotoxic activity in hens. O‐methyl compounds were in all cases more active than their O‐ethyl analogs. The neurotoxic potential of the O‐methyl phenylphosphonothionates was 2,5‐diCl >4‐NO2 >2,4,5‐triCl and 2,4,6‐triCl >2,4‐diCl >2,5‐diCl‐4‐Br >4‐CN, when single oral doses were given. Both EPN‐ethyl and leptophos‐raethyl were more neurotoxic in multiple dermal than multiple oral dosing regimens. LD50s for mice and flies were established. 相似文献
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