A fragment constant QSAR model for evaluating the EC50 values of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna.

The quantitative relationship between the median effective concentration (EC50) of organic chemicals to Daphnia magna and the number of molecular fragments was investigated based on experimental EC50 values for 217 chemicals derived from the literature. A fragment constant model was developed based on a multivariate linear regression between the number of fragments and the logarithmically transformed reciprocal values of EC50. Functional correction factors were introduced into the model. The model was verified using an independent set of randomly selected data. The mean residual of the final model was 0.4 log-units. The robustness of the model was discussed based on the results of three jackknife tests.     

利于户外体育活动的空气环境改善措施研究

针对户外体育活动的空气环境进行详细分析,对造成城市空气质量变差的因素进行剖析,给出影响空气质量的因素:汽车尾气、工业废气、煤尘、建筑尘土、区域环境、大众环保意识十分薄弱等。同时,从影响因素中发现汽车尾气排除的PM10和PM2.5逐渐增加;煤炭燃烧过程生成的煤烟与煤灰,也是产生PM2.5的主来源头之一。例举了某一线城市2012年至2017年SO2、NOx、TSP、PM2.5年均浓度历史变化趋势。措施,能够有效改善空气环境质量,为城市居民的户外体育活动提供一个良好的条件。     

欧盟环保禁令的弦外之音

贸易是拉动中国经济增长的重要力量。据商务部统计，2004年中国外贸依存度近80％，居全球首位。中国加入WTO之前，经常遭遇发达国家的贸易“歧视”。为此，我们不遗余力历经15年艰苦谈判，终于在2001年9月17日如愿。多少善良的国人坚信，关税贸易壁垒的“冬天”已去，自由贸易的“春天”已经来临。     

政府必须具备绿色控制能力——访内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任陈瑞清

现任内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任的陈瑞清，是一位地地道道的北京人。1965年8月，他从北京中央民族学院历史系毕业，却选择了在内蒙古西部生态环境最恶劣的阿拉善盟当教师，之后又当过副旗长和副盟长，这样一干就是30年!也许正是这样一段艰苦的岁月，历练出他对生态环境保护的执着信念。1998年1月，陈瑞清由呼和浩特市副市长当选为内蒙古自治区人大常委会副主任，分管环境与资源保护的法治工作。新世纪以来，他多次呼吁生态建设产业化、经济发展生态化，循环经济实质上是生态经济，发展循环经济势在必行。[编者按]     

利用地理信息系统(GIS)开发多功能空管系统

在航空运输中 ,飞行安全最为重要 ,空管指挥是保证飞行安全的重要手段。地理信息系统 (GIS)能够将空间位置和性质属性结合在一起 ,非常适合空管指挥中直观性、安全性方面的需要。笔者在研究开发多功能空管系统的基础上 ,讨论了对地形、地物、航道、空管区、禁飞区等进行数字化的方法 ,提出了系统开发的主要技术 ,介绍了多功能空管系统的显示、控制、示警、辅助决策、智能纠错等功能 ,指出了空管系统的发展方向     

隔震连续梁桥结构以位移为基础的抗震设计方法

笔者对隔震连续梁桥结构提出了一种以位移为基础的抗震设计方法 ,建立了设计位移反应谱 ,给出了设计步骤 ,该方法可对对称与非对称隔震连续梁桥结构采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计 ,最后对设计算例用振型分析和非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性     

长春市不同土地利用生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成与生态分布

对长春市郊区天然次生林、市内公园风景林、郊区防护林和农田等土地利用生境进行土壤昆虫幼虫调查,研究土地利用差异对土壤昆虫幼虫群落特征的影响。研究区共捕获土壤昆虫幼虫35科411只,其中鞘翅目幼虫14科319只,双翅目幼虫13科64只,鳞翅目幼虫8科28只。研究结果表明:不同土地利用生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成与生态分布存在差异,防护林和农田土壤昆虫幼虫的类群数和个体密度显著减少;除农田外,其他生境土壤昆虫幼虫群落个体密度和类群数主要集中分布在0～5cm土壤层,生境凋落物的移除对土壤昆虫幼虫群落组成影响不明显;此外,鞘翅目、双翅目和鳞翅目幼虫对土地利用和植被类型变化的响应也不同。     

Effects of salinity on soil bacterial and archaeal community in estuarine wetlands and its implications for carbon sequestration: verification in the Yellow River Delta

Soils from two typical tidal salt marshes with varied salinity in the Yellow River Delta wetland were analysed to determine possible effects of salinity on soil carbon sequestration through changes in soil microbiology. The mean soil respiration (SR) of the salt water–fresh water mixing zone (MZ) was 2.89 times higher than that of the coastal zone (CZ) (4.73 and 1.63?μmol?m^?2?s^?1, respectively, p?Pseudomonas sp. and Limnobacter sp. that might have led to its higher dehydrogenase activity and respiratory rates. Additionally, the CZ possessed more Halobacteria and Thaumarchaeota with the ability to fix CO₂ than the MZ. Significantly lower soil salinity in MZ (4.25?g?kg^?1) was suitable for β-Proteobacteria, but detrimental for Halobacteria compared with CZ (7.09?g?kg^?1, p?相似文献   

PM10-PM2.5冲击采样器的研制与开发

在颗粒物研究中,分级采样是一种常用的监测方法,而冲击采样器是颗粒物分级采样的重要仪器.根据斯托克斯数,对PM10-PM2.5冲击采样器设计参数进行了详细分析,并对PM10-PM2.5的捕集效率特征进行了分析.结果表明,PM10-PM2.5冲击采样器具备理想的PM10和PM2.5捕集效率,PM10冲击采样器、PM2.5冲击采样器切割粒径分别为9.94、2.43μm,均在其允许误差范围内.     

Characterizing effects of uncertainties in MSW composting process through a coupled fuzzy vertex and factorial-analysis approach

A coupled fuzzy vertex and factorial-analysis approach was developed in this study for systematically characterizing effects of uncertainties in a municipal solid waste composting process. A comprehensive composting process model was also embedded into the system framework and used to address substrate decomposition and biomass growth, as well as the interactions between moisture contents, temperatures, and oxygen concentrations. The applicability of the proposed method was verified through a custom-made pilot-scale composting system. Results from fuzzy simulation indicated that the fuzzy vertex method could effectively communicate implicit knowledge into dynamic simulations and thus provide valuable information for enhancing composting process control under uncertainty. The factorial analysis was effective in quantifying the proportion to which the uncertainty of each single or interactive effect of model parameters contributes to the overall uncertainty of the system outcomes. Thus, sensitive parameters that may lead to errors or unreasonable predictions can be determined. The proposed study system could not only be used in characterizing combined effects of uncertainties for composting processes, but was also applicable to many other environmental modelling systems.