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1.
Edi Husen Selly Salma Fahmuddin Agus 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(6):821-829
Peat respiration that releases carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere contributes to regional and global change. Aeration associated with soil water content levels controls emission rates, but soil amendments might mitigate respiration. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of various water content levels and laterite application on microbial (heterotrophic) respiration in peat soil. Bulk samples of surface (0–20 cm depth) and subsurface (30–50 cm depth) layers were collected from an oil palm plantation in Riau Province, Indonesia. Peat water content was adjusted to 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 % water filled pore space (WFPS). Laterite soil (clay containing high Al and Fe oxides) was applied to 3, 6, and 12 mg g?1 dry weight (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 Mg ha?1) peat samples at 60 % and 100 % WFPS. Results showed peat respiration was notably affected by water content, but less affected by laterite application. Peat respiration increased sharply from wet (≥80 % WFPS) to moist soil (60 to 40 % WFPS), and decreased when soil dried (≤40 % WFPS). Laterite as a peat ameliorant accelerated rather than reduced peat respiration, and is therefore not a viable choice for CO2 emissions reduction. 相似文献
2.
Giansoldati V Tassi E Morelli E Gabellieri E Pedron F Barbafieri M 《Chemosphere》2012,87(10):1119-1125
In this study we evaluated the effect of different fertilizer treatments on Brassica plants grown on boron-contaminated sediments. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and on the lysimeter scale. At laboratory scale (microcosm), five different fertilizers were tested for a 35-d period. On the lysimeter scale, nitrogen fertilization was tested at three different doses and plants were allowed to grow until the end of the vegetative phase (70 d). Results showed that nitrogen application had effectively increased plant biomass production, while B uptake was not affected. Total B phytoextracted increased three-fold when the highest nitrogen dose was applied. Phytotoxicity on Brassica was evaluated by biochemical parameters. In plants grown in unfertilized B-contaminated sediments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and pyrogallol peroxidase (PPX) increased, whereas catalase (CAT) decreased with respect to control plants. Addition of N progressively mitigated the alteration of enzymatic activity, thus suggesting that N can aid in alleviating B-induced oxidative stress. SOD activity was restored to control levels just at the lowest N treatment, whereas the CAT inhibition was partially restored only at the highest one. N application also lowered the B-induced increase in APX and PPX activities. Increased glutathione reductase activity indicated the need to restore the oxidative balance of glutathione. Data also suggest a role of glutathione and phytochelatins in B defense mechanisms. Results suggest that the nitrogen fertilizer was effective in improving B phytoextraction by increasing Brassica biomass and by alleviating B-induced oxidative stress. 相似文献
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Medilanski E Chuan L Mosler HJ Schertenleib R Larsen TA 《Environmental management》2007,39(5):648-662
We conducted a study of the institutional barriers to introducing urine source separation in the urban area of Kunming, China.
On the basis of a stakeholder analysis, we constructed stakeholder diagrams showing the relative importance of decision-making
power and (positive) interest in the topic. A hypothetical decision-making process for the urban case was derived based on
a successful pilot project in a periurban area. All our results were evaluated by the stakeholders. We concluded that although
a number of primary stakeholders have a large interest in testing urine source separation also in an urban context, most of
the key stakeholders would be reluctant to this idea. However, the success in the periurban area showed that even a single,
well-received pilot project can trigger the process of broad dissemination of new technologies. Whereas the institutional
setting for such a pilot project is favorable in Kunming, a major challenge will be to adapt the technology to the demands
of an urban population. Methodologically, we developed an approach to corroborate a stakeholder analysis with the perception
of the stakeholders themselves. This is important not only in order to validate the analysis but also to bridge the theoretical
gap between stakeholder analysis and stakeholder involvement. We also show that in disagreement with the assumption of most
policy theories, local stakeholders consider informal decision pathways to be of great importance in actual policy-making. 相似文献
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森林生态系统生态资产核算的模式与方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全球变化背景下.植被对CO2的减排作用得到了广泛关注.森林生态系统具有诸多功能,不同功能的货币化基准难以统一,是进行总体生态资产价值定量核算的制约要素.在资源、环境与生态经济原理指导下,分析相关方法评估生态系统生态资产的可行性,选择量化评估参数,并通过多种模式与方法进行估算乌鲁木齐城市2004年森林生态系统的生态资产.森林生态系统涵养水源类、生物多样性维持类、净化空气类、保护土壤类以及大气调节类生态资产分别为0.224 8×108元、10.608 8x108元、0.630 8×108元、0.2592×108元及12.9653×108元,乌鲁木齐市森林生态总资产为24.6889×108元.各类生态资产具有一定的时空差异性.城市森林生态系统生态资产估算模式及方法的研究具有重要的理论价值与现实意义. 相似文献
7.
Malenica N Simon S Besendorfer V Maletić E Kontić JK Pejić I 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2011,98(9):763-772
Reconstruction of the grapevine cultivation history has advanced tremendously during the last decade. Identification of grapevine
cultivars by using microsatellite DNA markers has mostly become a routine. The parentage of several renowned grapevine cultivars,
like Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, has been elucidated. However, the assembly of a complete grapevine genealogy is not
yet possible because missing links might no longer be in cultivation or are even extinct. This problem could be overcome by
analyzing ancient DNA from grapevine herbarium specimens and other historical remnants of once cultivated varieties. Here,
we present the first successful genotyping of a grapevine herbarium specimen and the identification of the corresponding grapevine
cultivar. Using a set of nine grapevine microsatellite markers, in combination with a whole genome amplification procedure,
we found the 90-year-old Tribidrag herbarium specimen to display the same microsatellite profile as the popular American cultivar Zinfandel. This work, together
with information from several historical documents, provides a new clue of Zinfandel cultivation in Croatia as early as the
beginning of fifteenth century, under the native name Tribidrag. Moreover, it emphasizes substantial information potential of existing grapevine and other herbarium collections worldwide. 相似文献
8.
New high-throughput technologies continue to emerge for studying complex microbial communities. In particular, massively parallel
pyrosequencing enables very high numbers of sequences, providing a more complete view of community structures and a more accurate
inference of the functions than has been possible just a few years ago. In parallel, quantitative real-time polymerase chain
reaction (QPCR) allows quantitative monitoring of specific community members over time, space, or different environmental
conditions. In this review, the principles of these two methods and their complementary applications in studying microbial
ecology in bioenvironmental systems are discussed. The parallel sequencing of amplicon libraries and using barcodes to differentiate
multiple samples in a pyrosequencing run are explained. The best procedures and chemistries for QPCR amplifications are also
described and advantages of applying automation to increase accuracy are addressed. Three examples in which pyrosequencing
and QPCR were used together to define and quantify members of microbial communities are provided: in the human large intestine,
in a methanogenic digester whose sludge was made more bioavailable by a high-voltage pretreatment, and on the biofilm anode
of a microbial electrolytic cell. The key findings in these systems and how both methods were used in concert to achieve those
findings are highlighted. 相似文献
9.
In the Gurbantunggut Desert of Northwestern China, we surveyed the population structure and regeneration characteristics of six Haloxylon ammodendron plantations based on chronosequencing. The results showed that the age class of an individual H. ammodendron plant from youngest to oldest showed growth potential under the present environment. The optimal termination stage of H. ammodendron occurred at 20 years of age, which was accompanied by a regeneration phase at 17 years. The H. ammodendron plantations started to regenerate after 7 years. The maximal height and basal stem diameter of a grade III seedling reached 1.2 m and 1.9 cm in a 17-year-old plantation. In a 33-year-old plantation, the transformation rate of the seedling from grade I to grade III increased up to 92.3%. Although the seedling bank was plentiful in the plantations, the replenishment of the canopy was not continuous and timely. Therefore, measures to further the stability and sustainability of H. ammodendron plantation were necessary. 相似文献
10.
Munawar Edi Yunardi Y. Lederer Jakob Fellner Johann 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1128-1142
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The enactment of the Waste Act in 2008 represents a milestone in Indonesian waste management legislation, particularly in relation to landfill... 相似文献