低C/N比污水生物脱氮所需外加碳源量的确定

利用中试规模实验装置,探讨了现有活性污泥工艺改造成间歇曝气生物脱氮工艺的实践中,碳氮比(C/N)对废水生物脱氮效率、脱氮反应速度的影响,分析了脱氮容量,确定了所需外加碳源量.      

污泥基生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷及微生物群落结构的影响

为考察污泥基生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响,以餐厨垃圾为基质,设置4种不同接种比(inoculum to substrate ratio, ISR)的批次实验,以得到不同酸化程度的厌氧消化体系;检测空白组、餐厨垃圾对照组和生物炭实验组的产甲烷情况和微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明:当ISR=2时,生物炭对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效果不明显;当ISR=0.5时,生物炭使其停滞期缩短28.9%左右;ISR越小,生物炭对酸化停滞时间缩短以及产甲烷速率提高的效果越明显。同时,生物炭可以促进Chloroflex,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes的生长,从而提高厌氧消化中间产物的产生。当ISR较大时,厌氧消化系统的产甲烷途径以乙酸利用型为主,投加生物炭可以促进乙酸型产甲烷;随着ISR减小,产甲烷途径有逐渐向氢利用型转变的趋势,同时Methanosacrina逐渐替代Methanosaeta利用乙酸产甲烷。本研究结果可为污泥基生物炭在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的实际应用提供参考。     

Developmental changes of nasal and oral calls in the goitred gazelle <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gazella subgutturosa</Emphasis>, a nonhuman mammal with a sexually dimorphic and descended larynx

In goitred gazelles (Gazella subgutturosa), sexual dimorphism of larynx size and position is reminiscent of the case in humans, suggesting shared features of vocal ontogenesis in both species. This study investigates the ontogeny of nasal and oral calls in 23 (10 male and 13 female) individually identified goitred gazelles from shortly after birth up to adolescence. The fundamental frequency (f0) and formants were measured as the acoustic correlates of the developing sexual dimorphism. Settings for LPC analysis of formants were based on anatomical dissections of 5 specimens. Along ontogenesis, compared to females, male f0 was consistently lower both in oral and nasal calls and male formants were lower in oral calls, whereas the first two formants of nasal calls did not differ between sexes. In goitred gazelles, significant sex differences in f0 and formants appeared as early as the second week of life, while in humans they emerge only before puberty. This result suggests different pathways of vocal ontogenesis in the goitred gazelles and in humans.