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1.
Rocío Mariano-Jelicich Florencia Botto Paulina Martinetto Oscar Iribarne Marco Favero 《Marine Biology》2008,155(4):443-450
The degree of individual or gender variation when exploiting food resources is an important aspect in the study of foraging
ecology within a population. Previous information on non-breeding skimmers obtained through conventional methodologies suggested
sex-related differences in prey species. In this study, stable isotope techniques were used to investigate the intraspecific
segregation in diet and foraging habits of the Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger intercedens) at Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (37°40′S, 57°22′W), Argentina. These results were compared with contemporary data on the
trophic composition obtained by conventional methodologies. Blood samples were taken from birds captured with mist-nets during
their non-breeding season. The isotopic signatures of skimmers showed a diet mainly composed of marine prey with some degree
of estuarine fish intake. When comparing diet between sexes, males showed enrichment in 15N compared to females, while no differences were observed in 13C. The use of mixing models revealed differences in the relative composition of prey in the diet of male and female skimmers.
This study highlights stable isotope analysis as a valuable tool to test inter-individual differences and sexual segregation
in trophic ecology of Black Skimmers as compared to conventional methodologies. The results show a trophic segregation in
the Black Skimmer during the non-breeding season that can be explained by differences in prey species and larger prey sizes
of male skimmers. Our findings have significant implications for conservation since any environmental change occurring at
wintering areas might have profound effects on several avian life-history traits, and could be different for males and females
due to trophic segregation. 相似文献
2.
Hewitt Richard J. Pera Florencia A. Garca-Martn Mara Gaudry-Sada Karl-Heinz Hernndez-Jimnez Vernica Bieling Claudia 《Environmental management》2020,65(3):334-354
Environmental Management - Landscapes are changing, with rural areas becoming increasingly urbanized. Children and adolescents are underrepresented in the sense-of-place literature. Our study aimed... 相似文献
3.
Payments for Environmental Services in Latin America as a Tool for Restoration and Rural Development
Payments for Environmental Services (PES) can encourage projects that enhance restoration, production, and rural development.
When projects promote differentiated systems by paying farmers for the provision of services, the application of PES requires
evaluation of the environmental services provided by each system. We present evaluations of carbon stocks and biodiversity
in pure and mixed native tree plantations in Costa Rica. To illustrate how monetary values can be assigned, we discuss a project
that awarded PES to silvopastoral systems in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Colombia based on carbon stocks and biodiversity.
PES can promote positive environmental attitudes in farmers. Currently this project is being scaled up in Colombia based on
their positive experiences with PES as a tool to promote adoption. Compared to PES systems that include only one environmental
service, systems that incorporate bundling or layering of multiple services can make sustainable land uses more attractive
to farmers and reduce perverse incentives. 相似文献
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Analysis of leakage in carbon sequestration projects in forestry: a case study of upper magat watershed,Philippines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Rodel D. Lasco Florencia B. Pulhin Renezita F. Sales 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(6):1189-1211
The role of forestry projects in carbon conservation and sequestration is receiving much attention because of their role in
the mitigation of climate change. The main objective of the study is to analyze the potential of the Upper Magat Watershed
for a carbon sequestration project.
The three main development components of the project are forest conservation: tree plantations, and agroforestry farm development.
At Year 30, the watershed can attain a net carbon benefit of 19.5 M tC at a cost of US$ 34.5 M.
The potential leakage of the project is estimated using historical experience in technology adoption in watershed areas in
the Philippines and a high adoption rate. Two leakage scenarios were used: baseline and project leakage scenarios. Most of
the leakage occurs in the first 10 years of the project as displacement of livelihood occurs during this time. The carbon
lost via leakage is estimated to be 3.7 M tC in the historical adoption scenario, and 8.1 M tC under the enhanced adoption
scenario. 相似文献
7.
Lasco Rodel D. Pulhin Florencia B. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2001,6(3-4):313-334
The forest sector in the Philippines has the potential to be amajor sink for carbon (C). The present study was conducted to evaluatepotential forestry mitigation options in the Philippines using the Comprehensive Mitigation Assessment Process (COMAP)model. The baseline scenario (BAU) assumes that current trends continue upto the year 2030 (`business-as-usual'). Two mitigation scenarios wereevaluated: high scenario (HS) and low scenario (LS). The former ispatterned largely from the government's forest master plan while thelatter assumes a 50% lower success rate of the master plan.The results of the analyses show that by 2030, the total C stock of thePhilippine forest sector in the baseline scenario decreases to 814× 106 Mg C,down by 37% compared to the 1990 level. The C stocks of the HS andLS mitigation scenarios were 22% and 18% higher than the BAU,respectively. Of the mitigation options assessed, long rotation plantationsand forest protection activities produce the greatest C gain (199 and 104× 106 Mg, respectively under HS). The not present value (NPV)of benefits is highest in the bioenergyoption with $24.48 per Mg C (excluding opportunity costs) at a realdiscount rate of 12%. However, the investment and life cycle costs arealso highest using bioenergy.The study also estimated potential investments needed under the mitigationscenarios. The investment requirement for the LS amounts to $263× 106 while for the HS it is $748 × 106. Finally, policy issues anddecisions that may be useful for the Philippines to evaluate LULUCFmitigation options under the UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol, are identified anddiscussed. 相似文献
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Incorporating anthropogenic variables into a species distribution model to map gypsy moth risk 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher D. Lippitt John Rogan James Toledano Florencia Sangermano J. Ronald Eastman Victor Mastro Alan Sawyer 《Ecological modelling》2008
This paper presents a novel methodology for multi-scale and multi-type spatial data integration in support of insect pest risk/vulnerability assessment in the contiguous United States. Probability of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) establishment is used as a case study. A neural network facilitates the integration of variables representing dynamic anthropogenic interaction and ecological characteristics. Neural network model (back-propagation network [BPN]) results are compared to logistic regression and multi-criteria evaluation via weighted linear combination, using the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) and a simple threshold assessment. The BPN provided the most accurate infestation-forecast predictions producing an AUC of 0.93, followed by multi-criteria evaluation (AUC = 0.92) and logistic regression (AUC = 0.86) when independently validating using post model infestation data. Results suggest that BPN can provide valuable insight into factors contributing to introduction for invasive species whose propagation and establishment requirements are not fully understood. The integration of anthropogenic and ecological variables allowed production of an accurate risk model and provided insight into the impact of human activities. 相似文献
10.
Sunflower Oil Industry By-product as Natural Filler of Biocomposite Foams for Packaging Applications
Versino Florencia López Olivia V. García María Alejandra 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1869-1879
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The use of agroindustry by-products as reinforcements and/or composites filler is an innovative and economically attractive option that is still under... 相似文献