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Communication is shaped and constrained by the signaling environment. In aquatic habitats, turbidity can reduce both the quantity
and quality of ambient light and has been implicated in the breakdown of visual signaling. Here, we examined the relationship
between turbidity (quantified with long-term data) and the expression of carotenoid-based nuptial coloration in the red shiner
(Cyprinella lutrensis), a small-bodied cyprinid. Males in more turbid habitats displayed redder fins, and an experimental manipulation of adult
diet suggested that carotenoid intake alone did not explain among-population color differences. These results run counter
to similar studies where signal expression decreased in turbid conditions, and may be explained by the non-territorial red
shiner mating system, interactions between the mechanism of coloration and the signaling environment, or reduced cost of color
expression in turbid habitats (e.g., reduced predation risk). Our results highlight how the behavioral and ecological contexts
in which signals function can shape evolutionary responses to the environment. 相似文献
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Male-biased predation of a cave fish by a giant water bug 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Male-biased predation has been described from several epigean species, and in many cases, intrinsic differences between the sexes (such as male ornaments) have been suggested as an explanation. Here we report on male-biased predation of a cave fish (Poecilia mexicana) by an aquatic insect (Belostoma sp.) in a Mexican sulfur cave. P. mexicana use aquatic surface respiration (ASR) to survive in their sulfidic, hypoxic habitat. We found that males typically exhibit more ASR activity than females, which leads to increased exposure to the sit-and-wait predator that catches fish near the water surface. Our finding is novel, because male vulnerability to predation is not directly related to male traits involved in courtship, but rather due to other sexual differences in behavior and ultimately, oxygen demands. 相似文献
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Ellis A. M. Franssen Brigit A. M. Staatsen Erik Lebret 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2002,22(6)
In this article a comprehensive approach for the evaluation of possible health effects in an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is described, illustrated with the example of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol. Unlike many EIAs, we estimated quantitatively the impact of aircraft-related pollution in terms of the number of affected people for aircraft noise annoyance, odour annoyance and hypertension. In addition, an analysis of health registry data on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and a short survey on annoyance and risk perception were carried out. The scope of a health impact assessment depends on the situation, available knowledge and data, concern in the population about the impact and the number of people concerned. It is important to pay attention to the perception of risks and concerns from all parties involved. Moreover, the results demonstrate that far more people outside the area for which standards apply were affected than inside. 相似文献
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