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Tadayoshi Hitomi Yusaku Iwamoto Asa Miur Koji Hama Kyoji Takaki Eisaku Shiratani 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(6):885-891
The purpose of this work is to study the effect of a type of water-saving irrigation (WSI) on nutrient runo of paddy field. The
volume of surface drainage was maintained low by WSI. In particular, WSI e ectively reduced surface drainage in rain events. Model
simulation indicated that net runo load of total nitrogen (TN) from the paddy field was increased by WSI. Meanwhile, net runo loads
of total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) from the paddy field was decreased by WSI. Because ponding waters of the
study fields were enriched with TP and TOC, WSI reduced runo of these nutrients by controlling the volume of surface drainage. WSI
could be considered an e cient method for reducing runo loads and could conserve water quality in an agricultural watershed. 相似文献
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Fuminari Miur Toru Watanabe Kozo Watanabe Kazuhiko Takemoto Kensuke Fukushi 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(12):13-20
Diarrheal diseases can be transmitted via both primary infection due to exposures to contaminated materials from the environment and secondary infection due to personto-person contacts. Usually, the importance of secondary infection is empirically assessed by fitting mathematical models to the epidemic curves. However, these empirical models may not be applicable to other epidemic cases because they are developed only for the target epidemics and they don't consider the detail routes of infection. In our previous study, we developed a theoretical model taking into account the various routes of infection that commonly occur in households(e.g., shaking hands, food handling, and changing diapers).This model was made flexible and applicable to any epidemics by means of adjusting model parameters. In this study, we proposed a new index "Vulnerability indicator to secondary infection(VISI)", which expressed a ratio of secondary infection to primary infection risks and calculated this index in a simulated norovirus(No V) epidemic that involved 10,000 households.The results demonstrated that households composed of more than three members including infant(s) had much higher levels of VISI(5–45) than two-member-households with VISI(0.1–4).These results concluded that the infants were likely to be a hub of secondary infections in highly dense families and therefore careful handling of diapers was deemed indispensible in such families to effectively control the secondary infections. 相似文献
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