清明时节话"雨花石"-玛瑙

清明节前后数以万计的工人、干部、学生等前往南京雨花台凭吊革命先烈.也是我国扫墓祭祖的传统习俗,到雨花台除了瞻仰革命烈士陵墓之外,总不能不为那些玲珑可爱的小石子"雨花石"所吸引.有人把它们比做烈士鲜血的结晶.     

萃取分光光度法测定工业废气中的游离溴

用萃取分光光度法测定工业废气中的游离溴，并对样品的采集与保存，萃取条件的选择进行了研究。结果表明，当溴的含量在１８．０－４５０．０μｇ／ｍＬ范围同时，吸光度与浓度具有良好的线性关系，方法的采样效率大于９９％，精密度和准确度较好当采集气体为１００Ｌ时，最低检出肖度为０．１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

一般救灾车辆的优先通行权探析

突发事件发生后,为了保障承担抢险救灾任务的一般救灾车辆在尽可能短的时间内赶赴现场,应该确立其优先通行权。在分析优先通行权概念内涵、比较应急车辆与一般救灾车辆承担的运输任务的基础上,从法律定位上明确其应享有优先通行权,并建议在相关的法律规范修订中明确承担救灾任务的一般救灾车辆应享有与应急车辆相同的优先通行权。在具体的交通组织上,提出采用警车带队编队通行的方式来实现一般救灾车辆的优先通行权。在安全保障方面,应该在相关的应急预案阶段制定一般救灾车辆操作指南,储备性能优良的一般救灾车辆,挑选受过专门训练,具有良好的业务素质、交通安全素养及身体素质的车辆驾驶人。     

NO2 catalytic formation,consumption, and efflux in various types of diesel particulate filter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high NO2/NOX ratio in the after-treatment system is beneficial to its performance and achieved by NO catalytic conversion in diesel oxidation...     

pH值对凯氏蒸馏法氨氮检出量的影响分析研究

土壤、肥料中的氨氮测定常用2mol·L^-1KC浸提一蒸馏法一酸滴定的方法进行测定,其中蒸馏是最关键和最重要的一个环节。以污泥堆肥样品为例,利用统计学原理,研究了汽提蒸馏过程中pH对氨氮检出量的影响。结果显示：pH值在6．5—11．0范围内与氨氮的检出系数是显著的正相关关系（相关系数r=0．9891）;回归方程在0．05的水平下是非常显著的,拟合度很好。进一步做残差和预测分析可以得出：pH值在6．5～10．0范围内,预测值和测定值的符合度更好。     

垃圾填埋场微生物气溶胶粒径分布研究

为了了解垃圾填埋场微生物气溶胶粒径分布规律,在北京市某垃圾卫生填埋场填埋区、渗滤液处理区、生活区分别选定监测点,利用安德森六级微生物采样器,对填埋场空气微生物进行了系统的定点取样、测定和分析。研究结果表明,空气细菌粒径分布均为第Ⅰ级(>8.2 μm)最高,填埋区空气细菌粒径呈偏态分布,渗滤液处理区、生活区分别在第Ⅳ级和第Ⅲ级出现第2个峰值。携带细菌的可吸入微粒在渗滤液处理区比例最大。空气真菌与放线菌均在第Ⅳ级分布最高,携带真菌和放线菌的可吸入粒子的比例显著大于细菌(P<0.05)。填埋区不同作业时段空气微生物粒径在各级分布比例基本一致。填埋区细菌气溶胶中值直径为5.7 μm,渗滤液处理区为3.7 μm,生活区为5.3 μm,显著大于真菌气溶胶和放线菌气溶胶的中值直径(P<0.05)。     

微波无极紫外光催化-内电解协同降解活性艳红X-3B

采用微波无极紫外光源,以活性炭作为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理活性艳红X-3B模拟废水.实验结果表明,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法对活性艳红X-3B的降解速率是微波无极紫外光催化和微波-内电解法单独作用时降解速率之和的2倍.在活性艳红X-3B模拟废水初始pH为7、空气曝气量为0.50 L/min、铁屑加入量为5 g/L、反应温度为40～45℃的最佳条件下,微波无极紫外光催化-内电解法的活性艳红X-3B模拟废水色度去除率达100%,TOC和可吸附有机卤化物的去除率分别为69.5%和81.8%.     

Microbial community composition and electricity generation in cattle manure slurry treatment using microbial fuel cells: effects of inoculum addition

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a sustainable technology to treat cattle manure slurry (CMS) for converting chemical energy to bioelectricity. In this...     

可旋转径向式微粒捕集器消声特性影响因素灰色关联分析

为降低可旋转径向式微粒捕集器中的排气噪声,采用有限元法建立可旋转径向式微粒捕集器声学特性模型,分析得到了其消声特性和传递损失曲线,并采用灰色关联分析方法研究可旋转径向式微粒捕集器结构参数对消声特性的影响程度。结果表明,可旋转径向式微粒捕集器具有降噪能力,且对高频噪声消声效果明显好于低频噪声,平均消声量为20 dB左右;直径比和扩张管锥角是影响可旋转径向式微粒捕集器消声特性的2个主要因素,适当选用小的直径比和扩张管锥角,有利于提高可旋转径向式微粒捕集器的消声性能。     

Biotoxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles and bio-remediation by microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

Adverse effects of manufactured nickel oxide nanoparticles on the microalgae Chlorellavulgaris were determined by algal growth-inhibition test and morphological observation via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the NiO nanoparticles had severe impacts on the algae, with 72 h EC(50) values of 32.28 mg NiOL(-1). Under the stress of NiO nanoparticles, C. vulgaris cells showed plasmolysis, cytomembrane breakage and thylakoids disorder. NiO nanoparticles aggregated and deposited in algal culture media. The presence of algal cells accelerated aggregation of nanoparticles. Moreover, about 0.14% ionic Ni was released when NiO NPs were added into seawater. The attachment of aggregates to algal cell surface and the presence of released ionic Ni were likely responsible for the toxic effects. Interestingly, some NiO nanoparticles were reduced to zero valence nickel as determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The maximum ratios of nickel reduction was achieved at 72 h of exposure, in accordance with the time-course of changes in soluble protein content of treated C. vulgaris, implying that some proteins of algae are involved in the process. Our results indicate that the toxicity and bioavailability of NiO nanoparticles to marine algae are reduced by aggregation and reduction of NiO. Thus, marine algae have the potential for usage in nano-pollution bio-remediation in aquatic system.