臭氧-BAF组合工艺对石化行业废水深度处理的中试研究

采用臭氧-曝气生物滤池（BAF）组合工艺对中石化九江分公司二级生化出水进行深度处理中试实验。探讨了臭氧投加量、进水水质冲击负荷等因素对该组合工艺出水COD、NH₄⁺-N的影响。中试结果表明,在该水质条件下,臭氧最佳投加量为20~25 mg/L;组合工艺处理后出水COD低于40 mg/L,NH₄⁺-N低于5 mg/L,达到中水回用设计标准;该组合工艺能够经受一定冲击负荷。     

4种多环芳烃对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)原肠胚发育的急性毒性研究

海洋中的多环芳烃(PAHs)具有较强的生物毒性,且海洋动物早期发育阶段是对环境因素变化响应的最敏感阶段。为探究海洋多环芳烃类有机污染物对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)早期发育阶段原肠胚的毒性影响,采用半静态毒性实验方法,分别考察了4种多环芳烃苯并[a]芘、3-甲基菲、惹烯及2-甲基蒽对仿刺参原肠胚的24、48、72、96 h急性毒性效应。结果表明,在10、50、100、200μg·L~(-1)暴露浓度下,随着暴露时间的延长和暴露浓度的升高,4种多环芳烃对仿刺参原肠胚产生不同程度的急性毒性效应,仿刺参原肠胚存活率与4种多环芳烃浓度之间分别存在显著的剂量-效应关系(P0.05)。苯并[a]芘对仿刺参原肠胚在24、48 h的半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为294.4、225.64 mg·L~(-1),3-甲基菲在24、48、72、96 h的LC_(50)分别为404.5、300.7、81.4、17.6mg·L~(-1),惹烯在24、48、72 h的LC_(50)分别为243.1、230、186 mg·L~(-1),2-甲基蒽在24、48、72、96 h的LC_(50)分别244、231.6、152.6、142.9 mg·L~(-1)。4种多环芳烃的安全浓度(SC)分别为39.76、49.8、61.8、62.6μg·L~(-1),其毒性大小顺序为苯并[a]芘3-甲基菲惹烯2-甲基蒽。基于定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究结果可知多环芳烃化合物的毒性差异可能与分子结构等性质有关。该实验为深入研究多环芳烃对海洋环境的毒性效应提供了理论依据。     

工业污染源综合评价层次分析法

根据层次分析法原理，可将污染源分解成污染要素，再分解为影响因子再分解为次级因子层，构造污染源评价的多层次评价结构模型，根据评价对象的性质和特点，建立指标体系，再据确定的取值规则，以各因子层构成准则层，以各污染源构成方案层，建立判断矩阵计算总排序权值，进行污染源综合评价。     

Shaping effects of rice,wheat, maize,and soybean seedlings on their rhizosphere microbial community

The rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant growth and is an important interface for resource exchange between plants and the soil environment. Crops at various growing stages, especially the seedling stage, have strong shaping effects on the rhizosphere microbial community, and such community reconstruction will positively feed back to the plant growth. In the present study, we analyzed the variations of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of four crop species: rice, soybean, maize, and wheat during successive cultivations (three repeats for the seedling stages) using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput sequencing. We found that the relative abundances of specific microorganisms decreased after different cultivation times, e.g., Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodanobacter, and Caulobacter, which have been reported as plant-growth beneficial bacteria. The relative abundances of potential plant pathogenic fungi Myrothecium and Ascochyta increased with the successive cultivation times. The co-occurrence network analysis showed that the bacterial and fungal communities under maize were much more stable than those under rice, soybean, and wheat. The present study explored the characteristics of bacteria and fungi in crop seedling rhizosphere and indicated that the characteristics of indigenous soil flora might determine the plant growth status. Further study will focus on the use of the critical microorganisms to control the growth and yield of specific crops.

     

Vitamin D mediates the association between acrylamide hemoglobin biomarkers and obesity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Mediation analysis aims to discover the role of intermediate variables from exposure to disease. The current study was performed to evaluate how...     

Bottom-up re-estimations of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants derived from straw burning of three cereal crops production in China based on a national questionnaire

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Crop straw open burning is considered as an important source of greenhouse gas and atmospheric pollutants emissions, which affects global climate...     

中国城市PM2.5时空动态变化特征分析:2015-2017年

近年来我国雾霾事件频发.采用2015-2017年全国329个地级及以上城市PM_2.5浓度每小时监测数据,利用全域空间自相关法、自然正交函数和空间描述统计分析的方法,从时空视角来揭示PM_2.5浓度的时间动态变化规律以及空间分布特征.研究发现：①从全国范围内来看,PM_2.5浓度均值逐年降低,降幅最高为夏季,最低为冬季,PM_2.5浓度位于40~60 μg·m^-3之间的城市降幅较大.PM_2.5浓度年内表现为\"冬高夏低,春秋居中\"的时间动态变化规律,且各年PM_2.5浓度达优良率不断提高.②细颗粒物污染改善程度最大的为德州,京津冀城市群和长三角城市群改善程度居中.全国PM_2.5污染范围逐年缩小,但新疆西部和冀鲁豫仍为高污染区,西南和东南沿海地区为低污染区.各区域污染的空间集聚逐年缩小.优良达标率在空间分布特征上无显著变化.③\"大气十条\"部分指标已完成,未来细颗粒物污染治理重点区域仍以京津冀地区为核心.在防治空气污染方面,必须加强区域联防联控机制.     

好氧填埋技术对渗滤液水质变化的影响

垃圾填埋场产生大量渗滤液,而一般厌氧型填埋场产生渗滤液中含有很高浓度的有机物。因此,渗滤液成为填埋场的难题。通过试验模拟垃圾的好氧填埋过程,并在此过程中对垃圾产生渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N进行连续监测,通过试验初步得出:在好氧填埋条件下,垃圾堆体产生渗滤液中有机物和NH 4+-N浓度得到较大程度降低。渗滤液中COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N的降解率分别高达98.99%、99.94%和99.78%。     

含体积缺陷隔水管安全区间研究

为保障隔水管在海上安全作业,需要对含缺陷隔水管进行安全评估,使其在作业过程中不发生压溃、泄漏、断裂等安全事故。基于弹塑性线性硬化模型及Von Mises屈服准则,考虑拉弯内压载荷和缺陷几何尺寸的影响,建立含体积缺陷隔水管的三维有限元计算模型,分析含体积缺陷隔水管在复合载荷作用下的力学特性和安全作业区间,评价隔水管的安全性。结果表明:缺陷深度越大,含缺陷隔水管越易达到屈服;隔水管安全作业区间随着缺陷深度的增加而减小;较大的内压载荷会明显减小含缺陷隔水管安全区间范围,但是内压载荷较小时,缺陷深度对隔水管安全区间范围影响较小;弯矩载荷过大时,隔水管安全区间所承受的极限轴向载荷明显下降,但所承受的极限内压载荷变化不大。