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Taro Miyoshi Thanh Phong Nguyen Terumi Tsumuraya Hiromu Tanaka Toru Morita Hiroki Itokawa Toshikazu Hashimoto 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):1
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Scavenging activities of melatonin, which is a pineal secretory product and functions in circadian biology, and its related compounds against reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen as well as organic peroxide radical (t-BuOO) were evaluated chemically by using electron spin resonance-spin trap and chemiluminescence methods. Antioxidative activity of the compounds was estimated by IC50 value (µM), 50% inhibiting concentration of a compound against reactive oxygen species formed in each system, and the second-order rate constants (k2) for the reactions of the compounds and superoxide anion radical or hydroxyl radical. Because melatonin has exhibited the highest scavenging activity against t-BuOO, the biochemical anti-lipid peroxide radical scavenging activities of melatonin were examined. We found that melatonin exhibits higher anti-lipid peroxidative activity in the rat brain microsomes than in the rat liver microsomal and liposomal systems, suggesting that melatonin may function as a treatment for reactive oxygen species-related diseases of the brain. 相似文献
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Hiromu Watanabe M.D. Takashi Nakadoi 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):614-617
This work was initiated in an effort to obtain a better method for the manual determination of trace amounts of atmospheric ozone. The method described depends upon the fact that ozone oxidizes nonfluorescent 9, 10-dihydroacridine to fluorescent acridine. When the ethyl alcohol solution of acridine is acidified by 6N acetic acid, the fluorescence maximum occurs approximately at 482 mμ and its intensity is sufficiently strong to be useful in this analysis. Linear relationships between acridine concentrations and fluorescence intensities were obtained from 0.1 to 3.5 μg per ml. by measurement with a commercial fluorophotometer. The results indicated that the low concentrations of experimentally prepared ozone measured by this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the phenolphthalin method. This method appeared to be about twice as sensitive as the phenolphthalin method, but it is subject to some interference from nitrogen dioxide. 相似文献
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Contributions of humic substances to the dissolved organic carbon pool in wetlands from different climates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wetlands are an important source of DOM. However, the quantity and quality of wetlands' DOM from various climatic regions have not been studied comprehensively. The relationship between the concentrations of DOM (DOC), humic substances (HS) and non-humic substances (NHS) in wetland associated sloughs, streams and rivers, in cool temperate (Hokkaido, Japan), sub-tropical (Florida, USA), and tropical (Sarawak, Malaysia) regions was investigated. The DOC ranged from 1.0 to 15.6 mg CL(-1) in Hokkaido, 6.0-24.4 mg CL(-1) in Florida, and 18.9-75.3 mg CL(-1) in Sarawak, respectively. The relationship between DOC and HS concentrations for the whole sample set was regressed to a primary function with y-intercept of zero (P<0.005) and a slope value of 0.841. A similar correlation was observed between DOC and NHS concentrations, with a smaller slope value of 0.159. However, the correlation coefficient of the latter was much larger when the data was regressed to a logarithmic curve. These observations suggest the presence of a general tendency that the increased DOC in the river waters was mainly due to the increased supply of HS from wetland soils, whereas the rate of the increase in the NHS supply has an upper limit which may be controlled by primary productivity. 相似文献
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Our aim was to evaluate the potential value of the ratio of the maternal urinary beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin (βC-hCG) to creatinine (Cr) in discriminating between normal pregnancies and pregnancies associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities. We hypothesized that pregnancies with fetal chromosomal abnormalities had abnormal quantities of βC-hCG in the urine. The aims of the present study were to investigate retrospectively whether maternal urinary ratios of βC-hCG/Cr are abnormal in women carrying fetuses with chromosome aberrations and to determine normative median values and a reference range for βC-hCG/Cr between 14 and 19 weeks' gestation. Maternal urinary βC-hCG and Cr concentrations were measured in 150 healthy women from 14 to 19 weeks and compared with ten cases of fetal chromosomal abnormalities matched for gestational age. The preliminary cut-off points corresponded to 0·29 multiple of the normal median (MOM) and 2·83 MOM, which were equivalent to the tenth and 90th centiles of the normal range. Of ten cases of fetal chromosomal abnormalities, one out of one (100 per cent) case with trisomy 18 and three of four (75 per cent) cases of variant 9 chromosome had low βC-hCG/Cr (≤0·29 MOM). One of five (20 per cent) cases with Down syndrome had elevated βC-hCG/Cr (≤2·83 MOM). Urinary βC-hCG/Cr ratios obtained in the second trimester may be useful for improved detection efficiency of Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and inversion of chromosome 9. Second-trimester maternal urinary βC-hCG/Cr should be investigated further as a potential marker for fetal chromosome anomalies. 相似文献
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Wilson WE Stanek J Han HS Johnson T Sakurai H Pui DY Turner J Chen DR Duthie S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):211-220
Because of recent concerns about the health effects of ultrafine particles and the indication that particle toxicity is related to surface area, we have been examining techniques for measuring parameters related to the surface area of fine particles, especially in the 0.003- to 0.5-microm size range. In an earlier study, we suggested that the charge attached to particles, as measured by a prototype of the Electrical Aerosol Detector (EAD, TSI Inc., Model 3070), was related to the 1.16 power of the mobility diameter. An inspection of the pattern of particle deposition in the lung as a function of particle size suggested that the EAD measurement might be a useful indicator of the surface area of particles deposited in the lung. In this study, we calculate the particle surface area (micrometer squared) deposited in the lung per cubic centimeter of air inhaled as a function of particle size using atmospheric particle size distributions measured in Minneapolis, MN, and East St. Louis, IL. The correlations of powers of the mobility diameter, Dx, were highest for X = 1.1-1.6 for the deposited surface area and for X = 1.25 with the EAD signal. This overlap suggested a correspondence between the EAD signal and the deposited surface area. The correlation coefficients of the EAD signal and particle surface area deposited in the alveolar and tracheobronchial regions of the lung for three breathing patterns are in the range of Pearson's r = 0.91-0.95 (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.82-0.90). These statistical relationships suggest that the EAD could serve as a useful indicator of particle surface area deposited in the lung in exposure and epidemiologic studies of the human health effects of atmospheric particles and as a measure of the potential surface area dose for the characterization of occupational environments. 相似文献
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