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1.
The first example of a ruthenium sensitizer (TUS-22) having a natural dye, bisdemethoxycurcumin, as a ligand has been synthesized. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on this novel dye showed 5.8% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) irradiation. 相似文献
2.
Andrew C. Whitaker Hironobu Sugiyama Kaichi Hayakawa 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(4):814-828
Abstract: Hydrologic monitoring in a small forested and mountainous headwater basin in Niigata Prefecture has been undertaken since 2000. An important characteristic of the basin is that the hydrologic regime contains pluvial elements year‐round, including rain‐on‐snow, in addition to spring snowmelt. We evaluated the effect of different snow cover conditions on the hydrologic regime by analyzing observed data in conjunction with model simulations of the snowpack. A degree‐day snow model is presented and applied to the study basin to enable estimation of the basin average snow water equivalent using air temperature at three representative elevations. Analysis of hydrological time series data and master recession curves showed that flow during the snowmelt season was generated by a combination of ground water flow having a recession constant of 0.018/day and diurnal melt water flow having a recession constant of 0.015/hour. Daily flows during the winter/snowmelt season showed greater persistence than daily flows during the warm season. The seasonal water balance indicated that the ratio of runoff to precipitation during the cold season (December to May) was about 90% every year. Seasonal snowpack plays an important role in defining the hydrologic regime, with winter precipitation and snowmelt runoff contributing about 65% of the annual runoff. The timing of the snowmelt season, indicated by the date of occurrence of the first significant snowmelt event, was correlated with the occurrence of low flow events. Model simulations showed that basin average snow water equivalent reached a peak around mid‐February to mid‐March, although further validation of the model is required at high elevation sites. 相似文献
3.
Hironobu Sugiyama 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(3):491-497
ABSTRACT: It is important to extract and assess low flow recession characteristics for water resources planning in the upper reaches of streams. However, it is very difficult to express synthetically the low flow recession characteristics for a stream flow. In this paper, first a new method of constructing the master recession curve based on the exponential expression is proposed and applied with the restriction that there are no regulation or diversion structures in the upper reaches above the measurement station. Daily precipitation and stream flow were used for the analysis. Second, analysis for a recession constant was conducted and the relationship between the recession constant and low flow and/or geology was qualitatively examined. In conclusion, the application of the proposed method indicated that it is objective and useful for constructing the master recession curve. It became apparent that the recession constant of a master recession curve may be defined as the total index of low flow characteristics. In addition, it was found that baseflow value increases in the order of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Tertiary, and Quaternary. 相似文献
4.
Sakai K Kamijima M Shibata E Ohno H Nakajima T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(11):1122-1128
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is a possibly causative chemical in sick building symptoms, although 2-ethyl-1-hexanol has received little attention as a hazardous substance in studies on indoor air pollution. Airborne 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations were measured from 2002 to 2004 in 99 rooms of 42 non-domestic buildings in Nagoya, Japan. The diffusive sampling method is effective for the measurement of a low level of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations was 16.5 (5.4) microg m(-3) in indoor air and 1.9 (2.2) microg m(-3) in outdoor air. The maximum concentration of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air and outdoor air was 2709 microg m(-3) and 12.4 microg m(-3), respectively. Fewer rooms in a small number of new buildings showed high concentrations of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, while low concentrations were observed in many rooms of these buildings as well as the other new buildings. The room-to-room concentrations of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in each building exhibited a wide variation. The geometric mean of the 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations was significantly higher for indoor air than for outdoor air (p < 0.01). The correlation of the 2-ethyl-1-hexanol concentrations between indoor and outdoor air was not significant. Mechanical ventilation was effective in the temporary reduction of indoor 2-ethyl-1-hexanol level. These results suggest that the predominant source of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol was indoor areas. 相似文献
5.
Hironobu Sugiyama Varawoot Vudhivanich Andrew C. Whitaker Kosit Lorsirirat 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(1):47-58
ABSTRACT: A stochastic estimation of low flow in the upper reaches of streams is needed for the planning, development, and management of water resources and/or water use systems. In this paper, the definition and development procedure for the stochastic flow duration curve is presented and applied to five catchments located in eastern Japan and to two catchments in western Thailand. The probability distribution of N‐year daily discharge data is extracted at various percentages of time for which specified discharges are equaled or exceeded in a water year. Such a distribution is usually represented with a straight line on log‐normal probability paper. However, some of the probability plots for the annual minimum daily discharge are best represented with a straight line on Weibull probability paper. The effectiveness of the stochastic flow duration curve defined for the evaluation of flow regime is illustrated through its application. The ten year probability for the discharge exceeded 97 percent of the time may be recognized as an index of low flow. The recession shape of the lower part of the flow duration curve is dependent on the strength of low flow persistence. 相似文献
6.
The first example of a ruthenium sensitizer (TUS-22) having a natural dye, bisdemethoxycurcumin, as a ligand has been synthesized. The dye-sensitized solar cell based on this novel dye showed 5.8% conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm(2)) irradiation. 相似文献
7.
Naoko NAKAGAWA Masahiro OTAKI Shinji MIURA Hironobu HAMASUNA Katsuyoshi ISHIZAKI 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2006,18(6):1088-1093
Sustainable sanitation is an approach for more ecological and sustainable water resources management. In this paper, we proposed one of the new integrated waste treatment systems: an "sustainable sanitation system" that includes separation of the black water from water system by a non-flushing toilet (bio-toilet), and a gray water treatment based on a biological and ecological concept. Sustainable sanitation system also converts the domestic waste to soil conditioners and fertilizers, for farmland use. As one of the case studies, Environmentally Symbiotic Housing in which people actually live using the bio-toilet for the black water treatment and the household wastewater treatment facility for the gray water was introduced. The availability of this system was investigated by analyzing the sawdust used in the bio-toilet and the quality of the effluent in the household wastewater treatment facility. As the result, the water content of the sawdust did not exceed 60% in any of the sampling points and the BOD and COD of the effluent of the household wastewater treatment facility were below 10 and 20 mg/L respectively, due to the low loading. Compared to the pollution load on the water environment created by the conventional system, it was found that the effluent of the house has a lower load than the tertiary treatment and the volume of the water consumption is 75% of the conventional system. 相似文献
8.
Noriyoshi Kakuta Atsushi Shimizu Hironobu Ohkita Takanori Mizushima 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(1):23-26
The dehydrochlorination behavior of plasticizer (DOP) and inorganic filler (CaCO3) contained in PVC samples and the properties of the activated carbons produced from those carbon residues have been investigated.
In the dehydrochlorination process, both additives contributed not only to a decrease in HCl yield but also to the prolonged
evolution of HCl. Part of the Cl species were observed to be stabilized as CaCl2 by reaction with calcium ions when CaCO3 was added. More than 80% of chlorine removal was achieved in all samples at 533 K. The use of potassium as an activation
agent led to the production of activated carbon with a specific surface area greater than 1000 m2/g at the low temperature of 1023 K and assisted also in the elimination of residual Cl species by the formation of KCl during
activation.
Chemical Feedstock Recycling & Other Innovative Recycling Techniques 6 相似文献
9.
Masaaki Fukushima Beili Wu Hidetoshi Ibe Keiji Wakai Eiichi Sugiyama Hironobu Abe Kiyohiko Kitagawa Shigenori Tsuruga Katsumi Shimura Eiichi Ono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):108-122
It is necessary to remove chlorine efficiently from municipal waste plastics (MWP) that contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and
other plastics containing chlorine. In this article we consider thermal degradation liquefaction technology. In Japan, the
chlorine content of reclamation oil products must be kept below 100 ppm owing to the quality standard for pyrolysis oil. Liquefaction
dechlorination technology for MWP is still an important issue to study. The twin-screw extruder that has been developed as
dechlorination technology for blast furnaces and coke ovens has a shorter residence time for dechlorination than other dechlorination
technologies. In this article, we used a single-screw extruder for the dechlorination process because it also has a short
residence time. Experiments on the dechlorination process were carried out by using a single-screw extruder to assess its
dechlorination performance. Practical use of the single-screw was demonstrated by the operation of a commercial oil reclamation
plant operated by Sapporo Plastic Recycle Co., Ltd. (SPR). Moreover, an investigation of cascade recycling was carried out
in 2008 in which material recycle wastes were mixed with MWP and processed by chemical recycling (liquefaction). It was demonstrated
that cascade recycling is an efficient recycling combination and contributes to local feedstock recycling. However, it was
shown that MR wastes affect the quality of the reclamation oil when they make up more than 40% of the feed mix. If the quantity
of MR wastes is kept below 40%, the reclamation oil is able to meet the quality standard. The SPR plant can be operated safely
and in a stable manner. 相似文献
10.
Inoue M Suzuki A Nohara M Kan H Edward A Kawahata H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,129(3):399-407
We present 40 year-long skeletal chronologies of tin (Sn) and copper (Cu) from an annually-banded coral (Porites sp.) collected from Pohnpei Island, Micronesia (western equatorial Pacific). Both the elements are present in antifouling marine paints and are released inadvertently into ambient seawater. Especially, Sn has often been used in the form of tributyltin (TBT). Based on a stepwise pretreatment examination, Sn and Cu both inside and outside the aragonite lattice of the coral skeleton show a potential for providing marine pollution indicators. High values of extra-skeletal Cu/Ca and Sn/Ca atomic ratios were found between late 1960s and late 1980s during a period of active use of TBT-based antifouling paints worldwide. However, a significant decrease in both the ratios in the beginning of 1990s can be attributed to regulation of the use of TBT on cargo ships by countries such as the USA, Japan and Australia. 相似文献