不同麦秆生物炭强化餐厨垃圾厌氧消化

为明确生物炭制备条件对生物炭性质及厌氧消化效果的影响,本研究以小麦秸秆(WS)为原料,在不同热解温度和不同KOH改性浓度条件下制备出不同类型的麦秆生物炭(WBC).研究发现,较低的热解温度能够保护WBC表面的官能团,而较高的热解温度则能够提高WBC的比表面积,孔容及平均孔径.KOH改性能够向WBC表面引入─OH,且一定程度上会影响WBC的比表面积,孔容及平均孔径.将制得的WBC分别添加到餐厨垃圾厌氧消化(KWAD)系统中,发现所有WBC均能够提高KWAD的总产气量.其中WS650与WS450-2的促进作用最显著,较CK分别提高了32.82%和30.01%的总产气量.在关键酶活性的研究中,发现WS450-2的辅酶F420与脱氢酶活性大大提升,这可能与其表面丰富的官能团有关.在微生物群落结构的研究中,WS450-2在富集厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),抑制非相关细菌方面展现了较大优势;WS650在富集甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina),抑制非相关古菌方面展现了较大优势.最后通过冗余分析明确了WBC制备工艺和表征指标与KWAD产气动力学参数,过程参数,酶活性和微生物丰度之间的相...     

康宁中国（上海）排放控制产品生产厂扩充工程正式竣工

2007年11月27日，康宁（上海）有限公司（CSCL）生产清洁空气产品的产能扩充竣工庆祝典礼在康宁环境科技部上海工厂举行，新增产能将帮助康宁提高生产产能，从而满足我国乃至全球市场对应用于轻型车辆的先进陶瓷载体的需求。     

大力开发长江流域水力资源

阐明了长江流域丰富的水力资源及其流域内电网现状和存在问题，根据全国需电的发展预测了长江流域内三大电网区的需电水平；并从水力资源条件和能源供求关系与能源平衡，说明应大力开发流域的水力资源。     

城市空气中多环芳烃定量测定方法

本文发展了一种对城市空气中多环芳烃(PAH)定量测定的方法。该方法可以用极少量溶剂,相当快地完成测定工作。     

离子色谱法分离La系元素——电子选择性不同可同时测定过渡金属和镧系金属

稀土元素的测定,特别是镧系元素,在各种工业中是很重要的。例如,在核动力工业中,对处置放射燃料的镧系分裂产物的测定就是称为燃耗(burnup)参数的衡量尺度。在矿业中各种岩石样中的痕量镧系元素的测量有助于勘探者寻找镧系矿藏。 同样,地质样中痕量镧系元素的浓度可为判断一些地质形成过程提供线索。岩石中镧系元素的浓度一般都不随时间而变。因此分析镧系物对探索地质成因及其运动可提供一个“指痕”(fingerprint),因为没有任何两个取自不同地点的样品是具有相同断     

爆炸事故过程分析中不确定性问题处理方法

针对事故过程分析中的不确定性问题,指出了不确定问题在危险分析中的重要性及处理该问题的复杂性和难点,列出了几种基于非线性数学方法处理不确定问题的基本方法,如微分法、MonteCarlo模拟、Fourier方法、响应表面法等,并对之进行了比较.建议在处理事故过程的不确定性时采用Monte Carlo模拟.     

洪涝灾害中的环境监测

1991年夏季,苏州城乡遭受百年未遇的特大洪涝灾害袭击,全市受淹农田249万亩,工业企业700家,居民住宅10万多户,受灾人口76万,市区直接经济损失30亿元以上.全市人民生命财产的安全受到严重威胁.苏市环境监测站的监测人员以对工作高度负责的精神,既投入了抗洪抢险斗争,又抓紧时机进行水质监测,充分发挥了“哨兵”、“耳目”的作用.     

塞浦路斯的地震危险性

<正> 1 地震危险性评定历史地震危险性评定在塞浦路斯虽处于初始阶段,但并未忽视其重要性。地震危险性评定对结构(如构筑物和大坝)的设计安全性参数确定所起的关键作用已有充分认识。到目前为止,已进行了两个场地的地震危险性评定。第一项是确定一大坝坝址预期最大可能地面加速度(Neophyton,1981),第二项估计尼科西亚老城墙以内地区不同烈度地震过程中人员及财产可能损失(Constantinon,1990),研究结果公布于地质调查局的内部报告上。对市区及近郊的岩土工程编图方面,也做了大量工作。测定了Larnaca镇沿海地区的潜在疑难层,如冲积层和高有机含量沉积层(Michaelides,1988)。在塞浦路斯,尽管全国地震危险性图有震中分布图(公元前180～公元1972年)、具有预期最大地面加速度值的观测烈度带图(公元前180～公元1980)和最大能量释放带图(1901～1972),但至今尚未进行综合地震危险性评定研究。     

The role of socio-economic data in food needs assessment and monitoring

This paper reviews six case studies examined as part of a project to review targetting methodologies employed by non-government organisations in Africa during the 1984-6 food crisis. Most agencies have not yet fully evaluated the role of data in informing policy decisions during their respective emergency programmes. The case studies presented reflect a wide variety of approaches to targetting emergency food aid that are based largely on the use of 'socio-economic' data. The recent emergency relief operations in Africa seem to indicate a change in relief agencies' approaches to the assessment and monitoring of needs of the affected populations. Earlier dependance on nutritional data has given way to an increasing reliance on the use of socio-economic indicators. There was a wide variation in the case studies of the type of indicators collected and utilised in needs assessment and monitoring. There were those who relied almost exclusively on nutritional data to target resources during the 1984-86 African crisis, and others whose experiences during that period lead them to attach more weight to socio-economic data. Other agencies appear to have recognised the problems of relying solely on nutritional data to target food aid during their 1984–86 emergency programmes, and thus more or less abandoned classical anthropometric surveys in their needs assessment and monitoring methodologies during this period. Thus nutritional data has a less significant role in the decision making process than previously had been the case.     

The qiongshan earthquake of july 1605

In 1605 a destructive earthquake affected the northern region of Hainan Island and adjacent parts of the Chinese mainland. Based on a detailed analysis of contemporary chronicles, the authors present a revision of the effects of the earthquake, and show that a sequence of strong shocks throughout 1605 caused cumulative damage and relatively heavy loss of life in Qiongshan. The subsidence of large areas of coast round Puqian Bay and Dongzhai Port is shown to be due to a combination of liquefaction caused by the shock, the occurrence of a typhoon associated with flooding and exacerbated by a high surge tide, as well as a long-term process of active tectonic movement in the area; the subsidence was not caused by downthrow of the earth's crust during the shock. Topographical changes in the area, traced from historical maps, suggest that subsidence is continuing, but a survey of the long-term seismicity of Hainan Island indicates that it is not an area of exceptional seismic risk.