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排序方式: 共有70条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Umberto Nicolini Nicholas M. Fisk David G. Talbert Charles H. Rodeck Neil K. Kochenour Pantaleo Greco Corinne Hubinont Joaquin Santolaya 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(4):243-254
A technique is described for measuring pressure within the amniotic cavity and within fetal vessels and/or body compartments. Two saline-filled catheters were connected at one end to needles inserted during indicated invasive procedures and at the other to silicon strain gauge transducers. In 36 pregnancies with normal liquor volume, stable intra-amniotic pressure (IAP, range 1–14 mmHg) increased with gestation (r=0·48, p<0·01). In pregnancies complicated by severe oligohydramnios, IAP was ≤ 1 mm Hg and rose to normal levels with saline amnioinfusion. Raised IAP (range 17–26 mm Hg), found in pregnancies with gross polyhydramnios, fell with drainage of amniotic fluid. Subtraction manometry was used to determine supra-amniotic pressure within the intervillus space, umbilical vein, umbilical artery, abdominal and thoracic cavities, and the urinary tract in normal and/or pathological fetuses. Low intravesical and intrapelvicalyceal pressures (median 6·5, range 2–10 mmHg) were noted in fetuses with obstructive uropathies. Intrauterine subtraction manometry appears to be a useful tool in the understanding of fetal pathophysiology and may be of clinical benefit in the therapeutic drainage and infusion of amniotic fluid and in the assessment of certain fetal disease states. 相似文献
2.
Biochemical responses in Salmo salar muscle following exposure to ethynylestradiol and tributyltin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated the effects of nominal concentrations of two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fish physiology. The effects of the synthetic pharmaceutical estrogen ethynylestradiol (EE(2)) and the antifoulant tributyltin (TBT) were investigated in exposure studies with immature Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Fish were exposed for 7 days to waterborne EE(2), TBT, or a combination of both. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate and glycogen content were determined in samples of fish muscle. Fish exposed to EE(2) for 3 days responded rapidly with increasing AchE and GST activities and increasing lactate content. These responses were limited to the first 3 days of exposure and had disappeared by day 7, indicating that the fish had adapted to EE(2) exposure. Compared to the controls, TBT increased AchE and LDH activity, inhibited GST activity and had no effect on lactate content. When mixed, the highest concentration of EE(2) increased the effect of TBT on lactate content. However, fish exposed to a lower concentration of EE(2) in combination with TBT had the lowest lactate content. Effects on AchE and LDH activities were smaller when TBT was combined with EE(2) compared to TBT alone. This suggests that TBT and EE(2) influence biochemical processes in fish muscle, acting on different organizational levels, by antagonistic and synergistic mechanisms. 相似文献
3.
Joseph Greco Robert O. Ezzell John H. Lytle 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):877-880
The objective of this paper is to describe the Tennessee Valley Authority's efforts and plans in designing an operating and maintenance program that will ensure maximum performance of the electrostatic precipitators at our power generating stations. Detailed operating and maintenance manuals are being prepared for each plant for the use of plant personnel. These manuals include instructions on operation, maintenance, and testing of the precipitators. Instructions on internal and external equipment inspections to be performed during unit operation, emergency and scheduled outages, and problem diagnostic procedures are included to help the plant personnel solve problem areas. Performance curves are included in the manuals which show the effect of gas volume flow, gas temperature, gas resistivity, coal changes, and loss of transformer-rectifier sets on the precipitator performance. In addition, opacity monitors that record continuous opacity readings are being installed at all our plants to assist the plant in monitoring precipitator performance. Full-time operating and maintenance crews are being organized at the plants to monitor and maintain the precipitator and ash-removal systems. Also, a staff of technical personnel is being organized at the central office to provide technical advice and assistance in design, operation, and maintenance problems and liaison and coordination for all the plants concerning the precipitators. Periodic precipitator field inspections, performance and operating parameter optimization testing, and review of the equipment operating logs are made by the central office technical personnel. Recommendations and technical assistance are then furnished to the plant with regard to the precipitator overall performance and operating characteristics. 相似文献
4.
Extreme dust events over the western, central and eastern Mediterranean are identified analysing the aerosol optical depth remote-sensed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in 2001–2010 and simulated by the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model in 2000–2007. The seasonal variability of the dust events and the evolution of the synoptic circulation patterns before and during the events are studied. Results show that the highest occurrence of short events (1–3 days) is in the eastern Mediterranean, while long events (more than 4 days) are more frequent in the western Mediterranean. Short events are concentrated in spring, while long events do not show a clear seasonality. The synoptic circulation patterns accompanying short and long events are similar, and the occurrence across the Mediterranean Basin is related to westerly low-pressure systems. Dust events in the western Mediterranean are associated with high-pressure conditions limiting the development of lows to the western North Africa, while the eastward evolution of cyclones over the central Mediterranean and Northern Africa accompanies dust events in the central and eastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
5.
6.
Understanding how hydraulic factors control alluvial river meander migration can help resource managers evaluate the long-term
effects of floodplain management and bank stabilization measures. Using a numerical model based on the mechanics of flow and
sediment transport in curved river channels, we predict 50 years of channel migration and suggest the planning and ecological
implications of that migration for a 6.4-km reach (river miles 218–222) of the Sacramento River near the Woodson Bridge State
Recreation Area, California, USA.
Using four different channel management scenarios, our channel migration simulations suggest that: (1) channel stabilization
alters the future channel planform locally and downstream from the stabilization; (2) rock revetment currently on the bank
upstream from the Woodson Bridge recreation area causes more erosion of the channel bank at the recreation area than if the
revetment were not present; (3) relocating the channel to the west and allowing subsequent unconstrained river migration relieves
the erosion pressure in the Woodson Bridge area; (4) the subsequent migration reworks (erodes along one river bank and replaces
new floodplain along the other) 26.5 ha of land; and (5) the river will rework between 8.5 and 48.5 ha of land in the study
reach (over the course of 50 years), depending on the bank stabilization plan used. The reworking of floodplain lands is an
important riparian ecosystem function that maintains habitat heterogeneity, an essential factor for the long-term survival
of several threatened and endangered animal species in the Sacramento River area. 相似文献
7.
Cannizzaro F Greco G Raneli M Spitale MC Tomarchio E 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2004,72(3):259-271
Air activity concentrations of (7)Be in Palermo determined for the period January 1995-December 2002 by gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of particulate samples collected on paper filter by a high-volume sampler (approximately 900 m(3) h(-1)) are reported. The temporal behaviour of (7)Be concentration presents the same characteristics already observed in the measurements carried out over the previous 13-year (1982-1994) investigated period. The mean value of 5.06 mBq m(-3) obtained from the analysis of the 4636 particulate samples collected from 1982 to 2002 can be considered a representative value of (7)Be air concentration at ground level in our geographical zone. The comparison of long-term variation in the (7)Be concentrations with the cyclic solar activity-extended to the whole period of 21 years-confirms the inverse correlation between the two quantities. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
The analysis of genotypic shifts in field-exposed populations has been proposed as a tool for monitoring the environmental
impacts of contaminants. Previous laboratory experiments showed the occurrence of genotypic shifts induced by copper exposure
in samples of Hediste diversicolor from the Pialassa estuary (North Adriatic Sea, Italy). In order to test if genotype-tolerance responses observed were consistent
at larger spatial scales, populations of H. diversicolor were sampled in three haphazardly chosen estuaries along the Italian coast (Comacchio, Pialassa, Serchio) and exposed to
0.48 mg l−1 Cu2+ under laboratory conditions. Survival analysis procedures were used to test for possible relationships between time-to-death
and genotypes at three allozyme loci (ALD, FH, PGI). Genotype-tolerance responses observed at locus ALD were consistent among populations up to 2500 km distant, with genotype ALD
102/102 associated with the shortest survival times. Comparisons with previous laboratory experiments showed that responses to copper
stress at locus ALD were also consistent in time, with genotypes ALD
102/102 and ALD
100/102 associated with higher 96 h mortality ratios. Results suggested the occurrence of stable relationships between genotypes
at locus ALD and tolerance responses of H. diversicolor to copper stress. Conversely, genotype-tolerance responses at loci PGI and FH were not consistent either in space (among populations from the three estuaries) or in time (between laboratory experiments),
being possibly affected by site-specific features of populations or stochastic factors. Results show that genotype-tolerance
responses should be carefully verified at different spatial and temporal scales, before considering genotypic shifts among
the possible tools for monitoring the effects of environmental stressors. 相似文献