Atmospheric HULIS and its ability to mediate the reactive oxygen species (ROS): A review

Atmospheric humic-like substances(HULIS) are not only an unresolved mixture of macroorganic compounds but also powerful chelating agents in atmospheric particulate matters(PMs); impacting on both the properties of aerosol particles and health effects by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS). Currently, the interests of HULIS are intensively shifting to the investigations of HULIS-metal synergic effects and kinetics modeling studies, as well as the development of HULIS quantification, findings of possible HULIS sources and generation of ROS from HULIS. In light of HULIS studies, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of isolation and physicochemical characterization of HULIS from atmospheric samples as well as HULIS properties(hygroscopic, surface activity, and colloidal) and possible sources of HULIS.This review mainly highlights the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) from PMs, HULIS and transition metals, especially iron. This review also summarized the mechanism of ironorganic complexation and recent findings of OH formation from HULIS-metal complexes. This review will be helpful to carry out the modeling studies that concern with HULIS-transition metals and for further studies in the generation of ROS from HULIS-metal complexes.     

Economic growth and environmental pollution in Myanmar: an analysis of environmental Kuznets curve

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This empirical study examines the short- and long-run relationship between GDP as an economic growth indicator and CO2 emissions as an environmental...     

海南东寨港红树林湿地污染监测与评价研究

近年来海南东寨港红树林湿地生态环境受到严重污染,加之从2012年来以有孔团水虱为主的海洋污损动物在保护区内大面积爆发,使红树林遭受严重破坏。因此对海南东寨港红树林湿地进行污染监测、污染源分析及生态系统健康诊断、评估、预警是非常必要的。本文在对东寨港红树林湿地连续5 a监测和污染调查的基础上,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗指数法和综合营养状态指数法评价海南东寨港红树林自然保护区的污染状况和变化特征,探究其主要污染因子及其成因,并根据评价结果对红树林湿地生态系统的恢复提出相应对策与建议。研究结果显示在近5 a的时间里海南东寨港红树林湿地经历了从2013年—2015年污染程度逐渐减轻,到2016年—2017年污染情况再次严重的过程。根据三种污染评价方法得出近两年塔市、山尾村、三江镇区域水质污染和富营养化情况最严重,水体污染以有机质和氮污染为主。相关管理部门应加强监管并采取相应措施,控制高位池养虾数量,实施退塘还林及虾塘养殖废水处理等措施,尽快使海南东寨港红树林生态系统得以恢复。     

Political transition and emergent forest‐conservation issues in Myanmar

Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions.     

Contemporary forest loss in Myanmar: Effect of democratic transition and subsequent timber bans on landscape structure and composition

This study addresses the effect of political transition and subsequent timber bans on forest loss in Myanmar, in the context of identified drivers. Cook’s Distance (CD) was applied to remotely sensed time-series forest loss dataset to measure the effect of the events. Forest loss derived fragmentation metrics were linked to drivers at a landscape scale. Results show that at the national level, the political transition in 2011 had maximum effect (CD 0.935) on forest loss while the timber bans decreased forest loss by 612.04 km² and 213.15 km² in 2015 and 2017 (CD 0.146 and 0.035), respectively. The effect of the events varied for different States/Regions. The dominant drivers of change shifted from plantations in 2011 to infrastructure development in 2015. This study demonstrates the effects of policy on forest loss at various scales and can inform decision-makers for forest conservation, planning and development of mitigation measures.