城市空气中多环芳烃定量测定方法

本文发展了一种对城市空气中多环芳烃(PAH)定量测定的方法。该方法可以用极少量溶剂,相当快地完成测定工作。     

Factors affecting trace-metal bioaccumulation in Finnish headwater lakes

Fourteen unpolluted Finnish headwater lakes with pH values varying from 4.8 to 7.0 were studied for trace-metal concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic plants (Nuphar luteum L., Sparganium sp.), aquatic insect larvae (Limnophilus sp., Phryganea sp.) and fish (Esox lucius L., Perca fluviatilis L., Coregonus sp., Salvelinus fontinalis L., Salmo trutta L.). Trace-metal deposition was estimated by analysing the snowpack. Non-parametric correlation analysis was carried out between trace metal concentrations in biota and pH, ANC, TOC, CA + Mg concentration in water and a given metal concentration in water and sediment. Bioaccumulation of several trace metals increased with increasing acidity and decreasing ANC in water. This was especially true for Pb and Cd. Aquatic plants were, in general, the best indicator group concerning differences in trace-metal bioaccumulation in lakes with different acidity. There was some evidence that a higher concentration of TOC in water may reduce bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn in aquatic plants and fish. The copper concentration in sediment was the only background variable explaining Cu concentration in aquatic insects. Multivariate analysis of the whole background data gave comparable preliminary results. Over 80% of the trace metal concentrations in biota of different lakes was explained by the background variables. In general, elevated concentrations of most of these trace metals can be expected to occur in the biota of acidified low calcareous lakes.     

用广义λ—分布拟合空气污染数据

广义λ-分布是一个四参数可变通的概率模型,包括多种单变量分布,这一模型可用于表示空气污染浓度的频率分布。本文采用土耳其安卡拉每日的烟和SO_2监测数据,来证明广义λ-分布具有良好的拟合性质。这里还讨论了与分位数估计和拟合优度有关的一些结果,并与经典对数正态分布进行了比较。     

Summary of environment-related research areas developed in the frame of the 5th Framework Programme of the European Commission

Following the decision of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 December 1998, The European Commission has launched its Fifth Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration (RTD) which will run from 1999 to 2002. The activities will be carried out in the frame of four thematic programmes and three horizontal ones. The first calls for proposals were published in March 1999. Detailed information on the work programme of each activity is available through the Internet at the following address http://www.cordis.lu/fp5 and through direct contact with the programme's help-desks. The present summary gives an outline of environment-related research activities covered by 5th FWP.     

Accuracy and traceability in environmental monitoring--pitfalls in methylmercury determinations as a case study

The concepts of accuracy and traceability as applied to environmental analysis are still prone to misunderstandings. While accuracy refers to the closeness of analytical values to "true values" (trueness) and among various repetitions (precision), the term traceability implies a link of data obtained to established references through an unbroken chain of comparisons all with stated uncertainties. These misunderstandings, possibly occurring among the analytical community, may have consequences on environmental data interpretation. Recent discussions in the field of environmental speciation analysis illustrated that accuracy and traceability issues are still not firmly established within the environmental chemistry community. This paper discusses this issue, taking methylmercury as a case study.     

原子吸收法测定矿化水中的银

<正> 由于检出限低,准确度高和分析速度快,在测定银的分析方法中原子吸收光谱法得到广泛应用。例如,在低矿化天然水中银的相对检出限为0.03μg/L。用无火焰原子吸收法直接测定高矿化水中的银有困难,因为基体效应大。消除此效应的最有效的方法是利用炉温稳定的平台技术。实现     

菲律宾制糖工业废水的厌氧处理

1.前言菲律宾制糖工业在国民经济中占有重要地位,甘蔗种植面积达50万公顷,在1983～84年度的制糖季节里,全国41个糖厂的蔗糖产量为230万吨。在粗糖生产中的主要副产物有:(1)糖蜜,通常用来生产酒精;(2)蔗渣,通常用来作燃料或者造纸;(3)滤泥,通常用来加工成有机肥料。在粗糖、精制糖与酒精的生产过程中要产生大量废水,通常都将这类废水排入工厂附近的河流或港湾中,常常给这些水域造成难以承受的环境污染。菲律宾国家污染控制委员会最近发布命令指出,不久的将来将颁布控制地表水污染的法规。为此,菲律宾工业产生的废水必须进行处理才能向外排放,有些糖厂已经设置了废水处理设施。传统的废水处理装置通常包括曝气池或贮水塘,然而,因为能源耗用量大,曝气系统的费用很高。     

Distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated ultisols of the Niger Delta (Nigeria)

The distribution of actinomycetes in oil contaminated sandy loam ultisols of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria was studied to aid in understanding the effect of hydrocarbons on indigenous microbial population in tropical soils. The average total counts of actinomycetes in all the oil samples analysed was 103 cfu/g. Higher counts of actinomycetes were observed during the dry season than during the wet season. The counts of hydrocarbonoclastic actinomycetes correlated positively with the total count of actinomycetes.The actinomycetes were generally restricted to the top soil(0-10 cm soil depth) although a seemingly deeper(down to 40 cm soil depth) distribution was noticed in the dry season. The isolates included oil degrading species of Actinoplanes, Norcadia,Streptomyces and Streptosporangium. Their high oil utilization ability indicates their positive potential and role in the bioremediation of oil-spilled soils.     

远东的水质污染(下)

在远东国家的水生生态系中,保守型污染物方面的可用资料少于有机物方面的资料。由于痕量金属和有机氯或碳水化合物的测定技术要求很高,远东的许多设施还不能提供所需的仪器。除此而外,该地区所面临的明显问题是加强仪器的维护。尽管如此,     

关于褶皱区铀矿床的近矿水云母交代岩

<正> 目前已知伴生铀矿化的交代变质岩有五种独立的建造类型:中温钠质交代岩和四种低温建造变质岩——钠质交代岩、钾质交代岩、黄铁细晶岩和热液泥质板岩。 作者在研究一个古生代褶皱区的热液铀矿床时,查明了近矿交代岩。按其矿物-地球化学特征,它们不同于上述的交代岩建造。仔细研究这些生成物可以判断;其中广泛发育有水云母化现象。此种情况,以