Emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants in a port and harbour region in India

Ports can generate large quantity of pollutants in the atmosphere due to various activities like loading and unloading,transportation, and construction operations. Determination of the character and quantity of emissions from individual sources is an essential step in any project to control and minimize the emissions.In this study a detailed emission inventory of total suspendedparticulate matter (TSP), particulate matter less than 10 m(PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) for a port and harbour project near Mumbai is compiled. Results show that the total annual average contributions of TSP and PM₁₀ from all the port activitieswere 872 and 221 t yr^-1, respectively. Annual average emissions of gaseous pollutants SO₂ and NO_xwere 56 and 397 t yr^-1, respectively, calculatedby using emission factors for different port activities. The maximum TSP emission (419 t yr ^-1) was from paved roads, while the least (0.4 t yr^-1) was from bulk handling activity. The maximum PM₁₀ emission (123 t yr^-1) was from unpaved roads and minimum (0.2 t yr^-1) from bulk handling operations. Similarly the ratio of TSP and PM₁₀ emission was highest (5.18) from paved roads and least (2.17) from bulk handling operations. Regression relation was derivedfrom existing emission data of TSP and PM₁₀ from variousport activities. Good correlation was observed between TSP andPM₁₀ having regression coefficient >0.8.     

Monochlorobenzene Marine Risk Assessment with Special Reference to the Osparcom Region: North Sea

This risk assessment on monochlorobenzene was carried out for the marine environment, following methodology given in the EU risk assessment Regulation (1488/94) and Guidance Document of the EU New and Existing Substances Regulation (TGD, 1996). Data from analytical monitoring programmes in large rivers and estuaries in the North Sea area were collected and evaluated for effects and environmental concentrations. Risk is indicated by the ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for the marine aquatic environment. In total, 27 data for fish, 24 data for invertebrates and 13 data for algae were evaluated. Acute and chronic toxicity studies were taken into account and appropriate assessment factors used to define a final PNEC value of 32 micro/l. Recent monitoring data indicate that monochlorobenzene levels in surface waters are below determination limits of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 microg/l used in monitoring programs. Assuming that half of the lowest determination (0.1 microg/l) is typical, a PEC of 0.05 microg/l was derived. A worst case of 0.5 microg/l is assumed. PEC/PNEC ratios give safety factors of 60 to over 500, taking no account of dilution in the sea. Monochlorobenzene is not a 'toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate' substance sensu the Oslo and Paris Conventions for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (OSPAR-DYNAMEC) criteria. Environmental fate and effects data indicate that current use of monochlorobenzene poses no unacceptable risk to the aquatic environment.     

甲烷高温自燃诱导过程实验与数值模拟研究

甲烷的转化在化工产业中具有举足轻重的地位与战略意义,近年来涌现的氧化偶联制烯烃等多种新型化工工艺涉及高温条件的甲烷-纯氧等体系的混合与反应过程,明确甲烷高温自燃诱导与爆炸规律是实现工艺安全设计与运行的前提,然而相关研究与基础数据仍较为欠缺。通过利用基于快速压缩装置的高温高压燃爆测试系统开展甲烷-纯氧等典型混合体系的自燃诱导过程研究,同时基于GRI-Mech 3.0机理的数值模拟方法进行了数值模拟研究。实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好,随着温度/压力的增加及氧气含量的下降,混合体系自燃诱导时间均缩短;燃料气中加入乙烷或氢气则会大幅缩短自燃诱导过程。对于多个工艺过程中涉及的低氧含量体系率先开展了研究,得到了不同当量比及温度条件下的典型体系自燃诱导时间,同时考察了惰性气的加入对于自燃诱导过程的延长作用。研究结果有助于深入理解甲烷自燃诱导机理,同时指导高温条件的甲烷转化工艺的本质安全化设计与爆炸防控。     

城市深基坑工程施工环境保护与灾害防治

分析了城市深基坑工程施工对环境的影响及可能引发的灾害，对深基坑工程的内部过程控制和外部环境协调作了系统研究，提出了相应的环境保护和灾害防治的措施。     

汶川县生态保护红线人类活动本底调查评估

生态保护红线是国家和区域生态安全的底线,以阿坝州汶川县划定的生态保护红线区为研究区域,利用GIS软件对研究区域内人类活动遥感影像进行遥感解译,并对研究区生态保护红线内的人类活动进行本底实地调查,结合遥感解译和实地调查结果,对红线内人类活动强度进行了评价.结果 表明:红线内人类活动面积共计142.04hm2,人类活动斑块...     

天津主要纳污及入海河流中有机氯农药的污染现状及特征

对天津地区永定新河、北排污河和大沽排污河表层水、悬浮物、间隙水样品中的六六六、滴滴涕、七氯等13种有机氯农药进行了分析检测.结果表明,河流中有机氯农药的高污染区主要为天津几大化工厂附近河段,而纪庄子污水处理厂的出水对大沽排污河中的七氯等有机氯农药的含量有所贡献.样品t检验分析表明,秋季和冬季河流中有机氯农药的来源不存在重大差异.不同介质中有机氯农药的组成特征不同,表层水中主要以溶解性较大的六六六为主,而悬浮物中则以滴滴涕、七氯、环氧七氯和异狄氏剂为主.3条河流中的4种不同HCHs异构体以β-HCH的比例最大,说明河流中的HCHs的存在主要是来自于历史遗留;而DDT/DDE和DDT/∑DDTs的比值高于0.5说明近期存在新的DDT使用.     

NSTEC土地利用格局的人口密度变化驱动力研究

基于中国东部南北样带(NSTEC)20世纪50年代以来5个时期的县域人口数据,筛选出人口密度每平方公里5、10、50、100、200、400和800人等特征值,编制了5期人口密度图,分析了区域人口密度时空变化及其对土地利用变化的驱动关系。相关和回归分析表明:人口密度与耕地比例、城镇用地比例、牧草地比例、林地比例显著相关;不同时期的人口密度可以近似反演相应时期的耕地比例和格局,为人口驱动力的定量研究提供借鉴。     

环境因素与飞机结构寿命

从技术分析和工程应用两个角度阐述了环境对飞机疲劳寿命和日历寿命的影响，归纳并提出了用于疲劳寿命计算和计算环境影响分析的数学模型，并从某型飞机定寿和腐蚀控制的实例中归纳出-飞机设计、制造冷热工艺和维护使用中提高飞机抗环境影响能力的措施。     

化工粉尘爆炸事故原因分析

介绍了粉尘爆炸事故统计概况,重点分析了化工领域粉尘爆炸事故的典型案例,并对事故原因进行了总结归纳.     

Arsenic occurrence in Brazil and human exposure

Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) in terms of public health is receiving increasing attention worldwide following cases of mass contamination in different parts of the world. However, there is a scarcity of data available on As geochemistry in Brazilian territory, despite the known occurrence of As in some of the more severely polluted areas of Brazil. The purpose of this paper is to discuss existing data on As distribution in Brazil based on recent investigations in three contaminated areas as well as results from the literature. To date, integrated studies on environmental and anthropogenic sources of As contamination have been carried out only in three areas in Brazil: (1) the Southeastern region, known as the Iron Quadrangle, where As was released into the drainage systems, soils and atmosphere as a result of gold mining; (2) the Ribeira Valley, where As occurs in Pb-Zn mine wastes and naturally in As-rich rocks and soils; (3) the Amazon region, including the Santana area, where As is associated with manganese ores mined over the last 50 years. Toxicological studies revealed that the populations were not exposed to elevated levels of As, with the As concentrations in surface water in these areas rarely exceeding 10 microg/L. Deep weathering of bedrocks along with formation of Fe/Al-enriched soils and sediments function as a chemical barrier that prevents the release of As into the water. In addition, the tropical climate results in high rates of precipitation in the northern and southeastern regions and, hence, the As contents of drinking water is diluted. Severe cases of human As exposure related to non-point pollution sources have not been reported in Brazil. However, increasing awareness of the adverse health effects of As will eventually lead to a more complete picture of the distribution of As in Brazil.