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Madagascar provides some of the rare examples where two or more primate species of the same genus and with seemingly identical
niche requirements occur in sympatry. If congeneric primate species co-occur in other parts of the world, they differ in size
in a way that is consistent with Hutchinson’s rule for coexisting species, or they occupy different ecological niches. In
some areas of Madagascar, mouse lemurs do not follow these “rules” and thus seem to violate one of the principles of community
ecology. In order to understand the mechanisms that allow coexistence of sympatric congeneric species without obvious niche
differentiation, we studied food composition of two identical sized omnivorous mouse lemur species, Microcebus griseorufus and M. murinus with the help of stable isotope analyses (δ
15N and δ
13C). The two species are closely related sister species. During the rich season, when food seems abundant, the two species
do not differ in their nitrogen isotope composition, indicating that the two species occupy the same trophic level. But they
differ in their δ
13C values, indicating that M. griseorufus feeds more on C4 and CAM (Crassulacean-acid-metabolism) plants than M. murinus. During the lean season, M. murinus has lower δ
15N values, indicating that the two species feed at different trophic levels during times of food shortage. Hybrids between
the two species showed intermediate food composition. The results reflect subtle differences in foraging or metabolic adaptations
that are difficult to quantify by traditional observations but that represent possibilities to allow coexistence of species. 相似文献
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