港口工程对沿海环境的影响

海洋的许多生态参数,如溶解氧浓度和温度等均与环流有关,所以环流的流态对海洋环境的影响十分显著。在海中建造各种建筑物必然会妨碍水体运动,从而影响海洋环境。本文旨在研究港口建筑物对环流运动的影响和由此而引起的环境影响。 文中提出一个可供估算水文参数和废水耗氧量变化的简易数学模型。对于废水引起的富营养化效应也做了分析研究。 在港口工程规划设计阶段,必须进行环境生态影响的研究,如果港口附近有污水排放口,进行环境影响分析尤为重要。 本文介绍的方法,曾应用于靠近雅典城市污水排放区的比雷埃夫斯港的扩建工程。分析表明,如果按照原来的设计进行施工,而忽视工程引起的环境影响,其结果必然导致明显的生态变化。     

使用紫外闪光灯处理受污染的水,气,土壤

本文介绍了一种新的有效的处理挥发性有机化合物(VOC′S)、聚氯联苯化合物(PCB′S)和其他有机毒物的方法。这个新方法是采用高强宽谱的紫外光线(UV)直接光解有机物,分解的最终产物是无毒的单质物质。新方法的效靛优于使用中压汞灯做光源的传统 UV 处理工艺。     

自由市场与环境

在诺贝尔奖得主保罗·塞缪尔森首先提出的经济理论中,有这样一种见解,即不能指望不受控制的市场会保护环境。按照这一理论,清洁的空气和水属于“公共消费品”,其价值在市场过程中是得不到充分反映的。那些可能制造污染的人不会考虑他们行为的社会成本,而只关心自身承担的成本;此外,由于清洁环境的工作甚至可以使那些袖手旁观者也蒙受其益,如此一来,人人都会自然而然地想坐享其成。同样,如果市场不能立竿见影地反映出保存多样化生物或拯救具体物种的利益,土地拥有者也不会愿意为公益而出钱保护环境。这一理论认为,如果没有政府干预,环境就得不到充分保护。     

西澳大利亚布罗克曼火山岩型稀有金属矿床──奈厄比厄姆凝灰岩的矿物学和地球化学

西澳大利亚布罗克曼稀有金属矿化，是富含挥发份和不相容元素（例如Zr、IJf、Nb、Ta、Be、Y和REE及Ga等）的粗面岩岩浆发生早期火山碎屑喷发的结果。矿化呈三。粒状（＜20μm），是由于相对简单的岩浆前身矿物（如铌铁矿和钻石），在岩浆喷发后保存于灰流凝灰岩［奈厄比厄姆（Niobium）凝灰岩］中的岩浆期后富F溶液的作用下，发生蚀变和再活化的结果。球粒陨石标准化的REE分布模式显示，矿体强烈富集HREE。胶质锆石是HREE主要载体，浸染状氟碳铈矿（±氟碳钙铈矿和直氟碳钙铈矿）是LREE的载体，晚期方解石脉中的羟硅滚石是Be的载体。Ga赋存于基质K云母中。上覆于奈厄比厄姆凝灰岩的粗面岩流含有许多类似的矿石矿物，但含量略有不同。     

离子色谱法分离La系元素——电子选择性不同可同时测定过渡金属和镧系金属

稀土元素的测定,特别是镧系元素,在各种工业中是很重要的。例如,在核动力工业中,对处置放射燃料的镧系分裂产物的测定就是称为燃耗(burnup)参数的衡量尺度。在矿业中各种岩石样中的痕量镧系元素的测量有助于勘探者寻找镧系矿藏。 同样,地质样中痕量镧系元素的浓度可为判断一些地质形成过程提供线索。岩石中镧系元素的浓度一般都不随时间而变。因此分析镧系物对探索地质成因及其运动可提供一个“指痕”(fingerprint),因为没有任何两个取自不同地点的样品是具有相同断     

青年决定环保公众参与的未来

环境问题的产生很大程度上是过度消费导致的。青年是社会的未来。青年能否 转换消费观念,树立绿色消费模式,积极投身保护环境,直接决定了未来社会 的发展。     

Effect of nickel on some aspects of protein metabolism in the gill and kidney of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio L

Nickel has an adverse effect on some aspects of protein metabolism of the freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The main changes observed were: (a) Decrease in soluble, structural and total proteins, AlAT and AAT activities with an increase in the levels of free amino acids, protease and GDH activities and ammonia in the gill and kidney at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days of exposure to a lethal concentration, 40 mg litre(-1) of nickel; (b) Increase in soluble, structural and total proteins, free amino acids and the activities of protease, AlAT, AAT and GDH with a decrease in ammonia and urea in these organs at 1, 5, 10 and 15 days of exposure to sublethal concentration, 8 mg litre(-1); (c) The magnitude in these changes increased over time with both concentrations of the metal, and was more marked in gill than in kidney.     

Fluxes of ions in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in an urban forest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

A study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in an urban forest in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The mean weekly rainfall recorded during the period of study was 63.2 mm. Throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception of incident precipitation were 77.1%, 1.2% and 21.7% respectively. Bulk precipitation, througfall and stemflow were acidic, the pH recorded being 4.37, 4.71 and 4.15 respectively. In all cases the dominant ions were NO3, SO4, Cl, NH4, K, Ca and Na. Of the ions studied Ca, K, Cl, SO4, Mg and Mn showed net increases in passing through the forest canopy, while NH4, Na, NO3, Zn, H and Fe showed net retention. This study shows that the urban environment of Kuala Lumpur contributes considerable amounts of materials to the atmosphere, as reflected by the high ionic contents in bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow.     

Factors affecting trace-metal bioaccumulation in Finnish headwater lakes

Fourteen unpolluted Finnish headwater lakes with pH values varying from 4.8 to 7.0 were studied for trace-metal concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic plants (Nuphar luteum L., Sparganium sp.), aquatic insect larvae (Limnophilus sp., Phryganea sp.) and fish (Esox lucius L., Perca fluviatilis L., Coregonus sp., Salvelinus fontinalis L., Salmo trutta L.). Trace-metal deposition was estimated by analysing the snowpack. Non-parametric correlation analysis was carried out between trace metal concentrations in biota and pH, ANC, TOC, CA + Mg concentration in water and a given metal concentration in water and sediment. Bioaccumulation of several trace metals increased with increasing acidity and decreasing ANC in water. This was especially true for Pb and Cd. Aquatic plants were, in general, the best indicator group concerning differences in trace-metal bioaccumulation in lakes with different acidity. There was some evidence that a higher concentration of TOC in water may reduce bioaccumulation of Pb, Cd and Zn in aquatic plants and fish. The copper concentration in sediment was the only background variable explaining Cu concentration in aquatic insects. Multivariate analysis of the whole background data gave comparable preliminary results. Over 80% of the trace metal concentrations in biota of different lakes was explained by the background variables. In general, elevated concentrations of most of these trace metals can be expected to occur in the biota of acidified low calcareous lakes.