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Taro Miyoshi Thanh Phong Nguyen Terumi Tsumuraya Hiromu Tanaka Toru Morita Hiroki Itokawa Toshikazu Hashimoto 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):1
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Mieno, Taro and John B. Braden, 2011. Residential Demand for Water in the Chicago Metropolitan Area. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(4):713‐723. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00536.x Abstract: This paper provides the first contemporary analysis of residential water demand in humid Northeastern Illinois, in the vicinity of Chicago, and explores seasonal and income‐based differentials in the responsiveness of water use to water prices. Using a panel of system‐level data for eight water systems and controlling for seasons, weather, incomes, and community characteristics, the analysis yields low estimates of price elasticity of demand for water in line with other studies. Furthermore, price response is greater in summer and less in higher income communities. We suggest that use of seasonal pricing can help mitigate equity issues arising from differential income elasticities while taking advantage of the greater price responsiveness of summertime water use. 相似文献
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Quantifying the role of forest soil and bedrock in the acid neutralization of surface water in steep hillslopes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of soil and bedrock in acid neutralizing processes has been difficult to quantify because of hydrological and biogeochemical uncertainties. To quantify those roles, hydrochemical observations were conducted at two hydrologically well-defined, steep granitic hillslopes in the Tanakami Mountains of Japan. These paired hillslopes are similar except for their soils; Fudoji is leached of base cations (base saturation <6%), while Rachidani is covered with fresh soil (base saturation >30%), because the erosion rate is 100-1000 times greater. The results showed that (1) soil solution pH at the soil-bedrock interface at Fudoji (4.3) was significantly lower than that of Rachidani (5.5), (2) the hillslope discharge pH in both hillslopes was similar (6.7-6.8), and (3) at Fudoji, 60% of the base cations leaching from the hillslope were derived from bedrock, whereas only 20% were derived from bedrock in Rachidani. Further, previously published results showed that the stream pH could not be predicted from the acid deposition rate and soil base saturation status. These results demonstrate that bedrock plays an especially important role when the overlying soil has been leached of base cations. These results indicate that while the status of soil acidification is a first-order control on vulnerability to surface water acidification, in some cases such as at Fudoji, subsurface interaction with the bedrock determines the sensitivity of surface water to acidic deposition. 相似文献
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The concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) contained in landfill leachates from solid waste disposal sites were measured. The
concentrations of BPA contained in leachates from industrial waste sites were in the range below the detection limit to 2800 μg/l,
while those from municipal sites were in the range 26–8400 μg/l. The leachates from ash-rich sites contained relatively lower
concentrations of BPA compared with organic-rich leachates. It is suggested that BPA concentration increases with time after
the completion of reclamation in the case of ash-rich sites, whereas the concentration of BPA decreases with time in the case
of organic-rich sites. A 7-year survey on a site in Japan showed neither a decrease nor an increase in the concentration of
BPA during on-going reclamation. A leachate from a site in the Philippines contained high concentrations of BPA. A slight
positive correlation was found between BPA concentrations and total organic carbon (TOC). A major portion of the BPA in leachates
was found in dissolved and organic unassociated fractions, which cannot be precipitated by coagulation. More than 99.9% of
the BPA contained in raw leachates was removed by a conventional series of treatment processes consisting of biological treatment,
coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, and activated carbon adsorption.
Received: May 29, 2002 / Accepted: October 17, 2002 相似文献
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Biodegradation of trace pharmaceutical substances in wastewater by a membrane bioreactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Longli Bo Taro Urase Xiaochang Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2009,3(2):236-240
The biodegradation of selected pharmaceutical micropollutants, including two pharmaceuticals with argued biodegradation, was
studied by a lab-scale membrane bioreactor. The reaction kinetics and affecting factors were also investigated in this paper.
Clofibric acid (CA) with contradictive biodegradation reported was degraded almost completely at different hydraulic retention
times (HRTs) after adaptation to microorganisms. The biodegradation of CA was disturbed at low pH operation, while the activity
of microorganisms recovered again after pH adjustment to neutral condition. Ibuprofen (IBP) degraded under neutral and acidic
conditions. Removals of IBP and CA were zero-order and first-order reactions under high and low initial concentrations, respectively.
Carbamazepine and diclofenac were not degraded regardless of HRTs and pH. 相似文献
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Taro Fuchikawa Yasukazu Okada Takahisa Miyatake Kazuki Tsuji 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(11):1843-1850
Social insects provide an intriguing model system in chronobiology. Typically, an egg-laying queen exhibits arrhythmicity in activity while foraging worker has clear rhythmicity. In the queenless ant, Diacamma sp., from Japan, colony members lack morphological caste, and reproductive differentiation occurs as a consequence of dominance hierarchy formation. Their specialized dominance interaction “gemmae mutilation”, provide us a fascinating model system to investigate the effect of social dominance on rhythmic ontogeny. Measurement of individual rhythms revealed that they have clear circadian rhythm at eclosion but it is diminished by social mutilation of gemmae. Moreover, unlike highly eusocial species, mated egg-layer (i.e., gamergate) possessed a circadian rhythm even after mating in Diacamma. Measurement of colony-level rhythms revealed that gemmae mutilations are performed in the limited time of the day, but foraging occurs around-the-clock. The above finding is a novel form of temporal organization in social insects, providing a new insight in morphologically casteless species. We discuss the causes and consequences of rhythmic variability in social organization. 相似文献
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Daisuke Inoue Koki Nakam Kazuko Sawa Taro Watanabe Hisae Matsui Kazunari Sei Tsuyoshi Nakanishi Michihiko Ike 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):125-132
To assess the potential endocrine disruptive effects through multiple nuclear receptors(NRs),especially non-steroidal NRs,in municipal wastewater,we examined the agonistic activities on four NRs(estrogen receptor α,thyroid hormone receptor α,retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α) of untreated and treated wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) in Japan using a yeast two-hybrid assay.Investigation of the influent and effluent of seven WWTPs revealed that agonistic activities... 相似文献