氨基淀粉絮凝剂合成工艺

以玉米淀粉为原料，以环氧氯丙烷(ECH)作交联剂，合成高交联淀粉(CS)；以HC1O4作引发剂，以ECH作醚化剂，合成中间产物3-氯-2-羟基丙烯基交联淀粉(CHCS)，在碱性条件下再与乙二胺反应，得到对重金属离子具有螯合能力的氨基淀粉(CAS)。最佳醚化条件：CS含水质量分数为7．0％，ECH与CS的摩尔比为2．5：1，HC104与CS的摩尔比为0．03：1，反应时间为8h，反应温度为95℃。以该法制得的CAS对废水中铜离子的去除能力为78．5mg／g。     

釜溪河自贡城区段季节性低氧成因研究

釜溪河为沱江一级支流,在自贡城区段设有国考碳研所断面。收集碳研所断面近10年来水质自动站数据,分析溶解氧(DO)变化特征,采样调查釜溪河自贡城区段水质及河道底泥污染状况,采用相关性分析、数值模拟等,研究分析釜溪河自贡城区段溶解氧分布特征及碳研所断面季节性低氧成因。研究结果表明,碳研所断面的溶解氧质量浓度变化特征呈现春末夏初最低,白天高晚上低的特征。釜溪河碳研所断面河水耗氧类污染物质量浓度较沱江流域内其他断面高,耗氧强度较大,溶解氧质量浓度较沱江流域其他断面偏低;其次,研究河段中釜溪河污水厂以下河段受污水厂低氧水排入和金子凼堰底层低氧水下泄影响,其溶解氧水平整体较污水厂以上河段低;最后,河段底泥有机质含量较高,春夏季气温升高将导致微生物分解活性增强大量消耗溶解氧,同时,闸坝和外来水体排入的水文扰动造成污水厂以下河段水温梯度弱,表层溶解氧易受底层低氧水影响,促使断面形成季节性低氧现象。溶解氧预测模型结果也进一步证实了温度变化和垂向温度梯度弱是碳研所断面溶解氧质量浓度季节性偏低的主要因素。     

上海市区排水管道通沟污泥处理处置探讨

介绍了上海市排水管道通沟污泥处理处置现状及存在的问题.就如何合理有效的处理处置市区通沟污泥,从拓展污泥处置出路、建立污泥中转体系、出台配套管理措施等3个方面提出了对策建议.     

Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

染料废水处理的工艺实验研究

采用中和 -电解 -臭氧氧化工艺首先对高浓度染料生产工艺废水进行预处理 ,再与低浓度废水混合混凝、吸附处理。经电解正交实验设计及工艺实验确定本研究工艺实验为 :废水pH中性、电解条件为电解时间 2h ,电解电压10V ,电流密度 0 0 18A cm2 、O3氧化时间 2h、混凝剂 1#、3#浓度均为 2 5 0mg L、炉渣吸附时间 30min。总脱色率与CODCr总去除率均达 99% ,可以达标排放     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

Polymer hydrogels with enhanced stability and heterogeneous Fenton activity in organic pollutant removal

Polymer hydrogel-based materials have been shown to act as novel Fenton catalysts for water treatment, but the rational design of hydrogel-based catalysts with good stability has been a great challenge. To increase the stability and activity of polymer-based Fenton catalysts, uniform urchin-like α-Fe_2O_3 was grown in situ in a PVA carrier matrix here. PVA molecules promoted the growth of urchin-like α-Fe_2O_3, and then the PVA hydrogel acted as a barrier and carrier to reduce agglomeration. Through coordination by hydroxyl groups,PVA had good combination with Fe ions and α-Fe_2O_3. The formation of Fe–O–C bonds between iron oxides and polymers was reported for the first time, enhancing the material stability during catalysis. Under higher PVA concentrations, the resulting composite hydrogel could generate more ˙OH due to the increase in the number of active sites because of the hairy urchin-like structure. In tetracycline degradation through a heterogeneous Fenton reaction, the resulting material had good catalytic activity from pH 2 to pH 10 with low iron leaching, good reusability and remained at a level of nearly 90%after five consecutive cycles. Density functional theory calculations were used to further prove the mechanism of structural change of the iron oxides. The HOMO and LUMO energies of the iron oxides changed from 5.428 and 4.899 eV to 5.926 and 5.310 eV,indicating that the presence of PVA could influence the charge of the iron atom. The results provide new insights into the preparation of polymer hydrogel-based heterogeneous Fenton catalysts with enhanced stability for water treatment.     

活化过氧乙酸技术降解环境有机污染物的研究进展

近年来,以抗生素、内分泌干扰物等为代表的新污染物在环境中被频繁检出,对生态系统和人类健康构成潜在风险,高效稳定的有机污染物控制技术研发是当前环境领域的研究热点。以活化过氧乙酸的高级氧化技术为研究对象,对过渡金属、碳材料及其复合材料活化过氧乙酸的效果及其降解有机污染物的机制进行系统论述,重点探讨反应过程中的自由基（有机自由基、羟基自由基）和非自由基（单线态氧、高价金属氧物种、电子转移和表面络合的复合物）降解机制,总结了活化过氧乙酸技术在废水、土壤或沉积物、地下水等环境介质中对污染物的降解效果。提出了未来研究重点,即开发高效稳定的活化过氧乙酸催化剂,加强活化过氧乙酸技术在土壤和沉积物中降解有机污染物机制的探索,深入联合其他处理技术的应用研究。

     

自我决定理论在环境教育中的应用

自我决定理论指在自我决定的意义上说,行为是主观上自主选择、自主决定的,而不是迫于某种内在需要或外在力量的压力。自我决定动机区分了促进内部动机的社会环境,分别涉及三种不同的心理需要：胜任、自主和关系。三个基本的需要缺一不可,也就是说只有在三个基本心理需要都得到满足时,自我决定动机和自我决定行为才能产生。教师在环境教育课程中运用自我决定理论培养学生环境动机,可采用三种教学策略：获取学校其他教师、行政人员、家长和社会的支持;选择学生感兴趣的,具有挑战性的问题;采用合作学习与探究学习的方式。     

Identifying water resources management strategies in adaptation to climate change under uncertainty

In this study, an integrated simulation-based allocation modeling system (ISAMS) is developed for identifying water resources management strategies in response to climate change. The ISAMS incorporates global climate models (GCMs), a semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, and a multistage interval-stochastic programming (MISP) approach within a general framework. The ISAMS can not only handle uncertainties expressed as probability distributions and interval values but also reveal climate change impacts on water resources allocation under different projections of GCMs. The ISAMS is then applied to the Kaidu-kongque watershed with cold arid characteristics in the Tarim River Basin (the largest inland watershed basin in China) for demonstrating its efficiency. Results reveal that different climate change models corresponding to various projections (e.g., precipitation and temperature) would lead to changed water resources allocation patterns. Variations in water availability and demand due to uncertainties could result in different water allocation targets and shortages. A variety of decision alternatives about water allocations adaptive to climate change are generated under combinations of different global climate models and ecological water release plans. These findings indicate that understanding the uncertainties in water resources system, building adaptive methods for generating sustainable water allocation patterns, and taking actions for mitigating water shortage problems are key adaptation strategies responding to climate change.