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1.
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome) has previously been diagnosed prenatally only once, using fetoscopy. We report on two consecutive pregnancies in a woman at risk of having a child with the syndrome during which fetoscopic visualization was performed. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome was diagnosed prenatally in one instance, while it could be excluded in the other one. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is discussed. 相似文献
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There is a need for a systematic literature review focusing on adolescents’ risk perceptions in relation to risk behavior with long-term health consequences with delayed onset. The aim of this literature review was to review the results of such empirical studies, and to interpret these results from a general risk psychology perspective. Special focus was on factors influencing adolescents’ risk perceptions, and on the risk perceptions – risk behavior relationship. Literature searches were conducted in the PsycInfo, PubMed, and Cinahl databases. In total 51 journal articles were included in the review. Evidence, although inconsistent, was found for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, close exposure to negative outcome, perceived control, and knowledge, stereotyping and misconceptions as covariates of risk perceptions. Evidence was found both for a negative and a positive association between risk perceptions and risk behavior. The results suggest that the adolescent’s risk perception, knowledge, perceived control (response- and self-efficacy) as well as benefits and costs of health behavior must be well balanced. Any agent, such as care providers, aiming at encouraging adolescents to take active responsibility for their long term health, must be able to determine each young person’s status regarding these issues concomitantly, in order not to evoke risk denial, exaggerated unrealistic optimism, or impaired mental wellbeing. 相似文献
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The present study was designed to examine the influence of body size on the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mytilus edulis L. This was done, firstly, by establishing the relationship (as a power function: PCB tissue conc = a tissue dry wtb) between tissue concentration and body weight for seven PCB congeners (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry No. 52, 101, 105, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in field sampled mussels; and, secondly, by assessing the influence of body weight on the uptake clearance coefficients, the depuration rate coefficients and the calculated bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of three 14C-labelled PCB congeners (IUPAC No. 31, 49, 153) in mechanistic kinetic experiments. Both the background tissue concentrations of PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180 and the predicted BAF values in the kinetic experiments correlated negatively with body weight (b=-0.17 and-0.31, respectively). Of the two kinetic rate coefficients examined, only the uptake clearance rate showed weight dependency (b=-0.32, i.e. negative correlation with body weight), whereas depuration rates were unaffectd by body weight. Uptake clearance rates and BAFs adjusted for body weight increased with the octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) of the congener, whereas depuration rates dectreased with Kow. These observations suggest that size-dependent bioaccumulation of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in suspension-feeding bivalves is driven by size-related differences in uptake rate, although several other mechanisms may also affect bioaccumulation in natural mussel beds (e.g. sizerelated differences in lipid content, production, and contaminant exposure). From an ecotoxicological perspective size-dependent bioaccumulation implies not only that variability due to body size differences has to be dealt with in experimental designs, but also that several ecological factors such as size-specific predation and shifts in population structure may affect HOC cycling by dense populations of bivalve suspensionfeeders. 相似文献
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F.?KepplerEmail author H.?Biester A.?Putschew P.?J.?Silk H.?F.?Sch?ler G.?Müller 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(4):219-223
Although two billion people in the world are suffering from iodine deficiency there is little information on the chemical fate of iodine in the terrestrial environment. Here we show that peatlands play a major role in terrestrial iodine cycling. Chemical data from two peat profiles from Patagonia, Chile imply that transformation of iodine from its inorganic form to organoiodine compounds during early humification in peatlands is a key process in storage of iodine in the terrestrial environment. Once bound in peat, iodine remains stable for thousands of years. In the earths peatlands, net accumulation of iodine since the last glacial period is estimated to be 12–36 teragrams (1 Tg=1012 g). These data suggest that peatlands are a major reservoir of iodine in terrestrial ecosystems. Our novel model of iodine distribution in the terrestrial environment demonstrates the key role of peatlands in burial and reemission of organically bound iodine. 相似文献
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Levels of dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge determined with a bioassay based on EROD induction in chicken embryo liver cultures 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A bioassay for the detection of dioxin-like compounds was used to estimate levels in sewage sludge from Swedish sewage treatment plants (STPs). The sludge extracts were HPLC-separated into three fractions containing a) monoaromatic/aliphatic, b) diaromatic (e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs], polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans [PCDDs/Fs]), and c) polyaromatic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). The bioassay, which is based on EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase) induction in cultured chicken embryo livers detected dioxin-like activity in all unfractionated extracts and in the di- and polyaromatic fractions of all sludge extracts, but not in the monoaromatic/aliphatic fractions. The levels ranged between 6 and 109 pg bio-TEQ/g sludge (d.w.). In sediment samples from rural lakes in Sweden, levels of about 5 pg bio-TEQ/g (d.w.) have been found. The polyaromatic fractions of the sludge samples were potent in the bioassay, probably due to various PAHs and other polyaromatics in the sludge. The levels of six PAHs that are screened for in the sludge at Swedish STPs accounted for only 3-10% of the observed EROD-induction by the polyaromatic fractions. Consequently, many other polyaromatic EROD-inducing compounds were present in the sludge. Inclusion of a biological test like the chicken embryo liver bioassay in the screening of sludge would improve the ability to detect the presence of bioactive dioxin-like compounds. A theoretical estimation of bio-TEQ concentrations in farm-soil following long-term application of sludge with bio-TEQ concentrations similar to those observed in this investigation indicated that the bio-TEQ levels in soil would increase very slowly over time. The chicken embryo liver bioassay proved useful in assessing levels of dioxin-like compounds in sewage sludge and it gives valuable complementary information to chemical analysis data. 相似文献
7.
Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and non-ortho chlorinated biphenyls (non-ortho CBs) were analysed in blubber, nuchal fat, liver, muscle, kidney and brain of three male harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the west coast of Sweden. To estimate spatial variation, PCNs and non-ortho CBs were analysed in six blubber samples collected at different anatomical sites of each animal. Highest wet weight concentrations of ΣPCNs were detected in the lipid rich tissues (blubber and nuchal fat) and liver (520–730 and 520 pg/g, respectively) and lowest in brain (22 pg/g). TetraCNs were most abundant in muscle, kidney and brain, while the hexaCNs were most abundant in the lipid rich tissues and liver. The highest lipid weight concentration recorded (11 ng/g) was for the hexaCN congeners no. 66/67 in liver. These coeluting hexaCN congeners accounted for 80–100% of total hexaCNs in all tissues examined.Concentrations of Σnon-ortho CBs were highest in lipid rich tissues (220–280 pg/g wet weight). Non-ortho CB no. 77 and 169 constituted between 62–86% and 4.9–9.3%, respectively, of total Σnon-ortho CBs. No major variation of Σnon-ortho CB concentrations was found between the six different blubber sites but higher ΣPCN concentrations (wet weight) were found dorsally at the peduncle. Toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) showed that non-ortho CB no. 126 was the main contributor to total TEQs in all tissues, except liver in which hexaCN congener nos. 66/67 contributed to about 50% of total TEQs. 相似文献
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Edvard Lidén Arne Ulander Fuat Deniz Anita Gidöf Gunnarsson Steven Nordin Lennart Högman 《Environment international》1997,23(6):93
The present field study addressed the need for a procedure that provides a defined unit of measurement of perceived annoyance from environmental odors, calibrating the estimates for individual scaling behavior and context effects. In including 25 subjects, the purpose was to demonstrate the applicability of the master-scale procedure with magnitude estimation to perform such a calibration of odor-annoyance estimates for target stimuli such as road-traffic combustion exhausts (13 000 vehicles/d; averaging 47 μg/m3 over the day/night with peaks exceeding 100 μg/m3 of nitrogen dioxide; NO2). For comparison, calibrated estimates were also obtained for a backyard expected to be considerably less polluted (comparable with 18 μg/m3 of NO2) and for blank stimuli presented indoors. The data transformation for the calibration procedure with which annoyance is expressed in either master-scale units or pyridine equivalents requires estimates of a reference stimulus for which seven concentrations of pyridine were used. The results provide an illustration of master scaling of odor annoyance, and imply that use of a modulus (standard stimulus with a predefined annoyance magnitude), in contrast to master scaling, is not sufficient for calibration for individual scaling behavior and context effects. 相似文献
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