Interregional burden-sharing of greenhouse gas mitigation in the United States

Emissions trading is anattractive candidate for implementinggreenhouse gas mitigation, because it canpromote both efficiency and equity. Thispaper analyzes the interregional impacts ofalternative allocations of carbon dioxideemission permits within the U.S. Theanalysis is performed with the aid of anonlinear programming model for ten EPARegions and for six alternative permitdistribution formulas. The reason thatvarious alternatives need to be consideredis that there is no universal consensus onthe best definition of equity. Advanceknowledge of absolute and relative regionaleconomic impacts provides policy-makerswith a stronger basis for making thechoice. The analysis yields several usefulresults. First, the simulations indicatethat no matter how permits are allocated,this policy instrument can substantiallyreduce the cost of GHG mitigation for theU.S. in comparison to a system of fixedquotas for each of its regions. Interestingly, the welfare impacts ofseveral of the allocation formulas differonly slightly despite the large differencesin their philosophical underpinnings. Also, the results for some equity criteriadiffer greatly from their application inthe international domain. For example, theEgalitarian (per capita) criterion resultsin the relatively greatest cost burdenbeing incurred by one of the regions of theU.S. with the lowest per capita income.     

Adult-onset GM2 gangliosidosis diagnosed in a fetus

Amniocentesis and subsequent tests are reported on a fetus conceived of a rare mating type: its mother has an intermediate level of β hexosaminidase A (HEX A), characteristic of carriers of Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), while the father suffers from an adult-onset GM₂ ganglio-sidosis (AOG) with severe HEX A deficiency. Activity of HEX A in the cultured fetal cells was very low when measured by the heat-inactivation method, thus showing the typical biochemical phenotype of TSD fetuses. However, upon separation of HEX isozymes by ion exchange chromatography, residual HEX A (17 per cent of total HEX) was demonstrated. Also in contrast to TSD fetuses, this fetus' fibroblasts were able to synthesize the precursor of a chains of HEX, and ultrastructural examination of its brain revealed few atypical lamellar bodies, unlike those found in TSD fetuses of the same gestational age. It is therefore concluded that the fetus was not affected with TSD, but rather with AOG.     

SO2污染对小鼠骨髓细胞微核的诱发作用

在SO2吸入慢性染毒条件下,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞（PCE）的微核细胞率与微核率均显著增加,且雌雄差异显著。结果也表明,SO2对阳性致突变剂乌拉坦航发微核的作用有显著抑制效应。本研究模拟SO2空气污染,从整体水平直接证实了SO2是哺乳类细胞染色体断裂剂、SO2与阳性致突变剂的联合作用是复杂的结论。     

Analysis of ecotoxic influence of waste from the biomass gasification process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this research was evaluation of the effect of soil contamination with waste coming from biomass gasification on chosen indicators of...     

雌激素污染对水体微生物产甲烷功能的影响

针对目前水体环境雌激素的污染形势严峻,且其对水体功能性微生物群落影响规律及机理不明等问题,选择典型天然雌激素——17β-雌二醇(E2)为主要研究对象,构建实验室厌氧水体微生态系统,分析E2污染对厌氧水体微生物活性和产甲烷功能的影响规律。结果表明,在厌氧条件下,E2污染对水体微生物群体的活性存在显著的抑制效应,对水体甲烷的产生速率亦存在规律性的影响。当水体E2浓度≤0.5 ng/L时,对水体微生物的产甲烷活性存在促进作用。当E2浓度≥1.0 ng/L时,E2污染对水体微生物的产甲烷活性存在明显的抑制效应,且随着E2浓度的升高抑制作用增强。因此,厌氧条件下,微量E2污染会影响水体微生物活性和产甲烷效应的变化,从而对水体自净功能和甲烷释放产生影响。     

雌激素污染对水体微生物反硝化作用的影响

针对世界各国水体雌激素污染日趋严重的环境问题,文章选择典型天然环境雌激素——17β-雌二醇(E2)为污染源,构建实验室厌氧水体微生态系统,分析E2污染对水体微生物反硝化速率、反硝化终端产物比例和厌氧微生物活性的影响规律。结果表明,E2污染对水体微生物的反硝化速率和活性存在显著性显著抑制作用,但反硝化终产物中N2O的比例得到明显促进。因此,在厌氧条件下,微量E2污染会影响厌氧微生物活性和反硝化作用,对水体的氮素循环产生影响。