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Fillimonova Elena Kharitonova Natalia Baranovskaya Ekaterina Maslov Alexey Aseeva Anna 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2281-2299
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Caucasian mineral water (CMW) region is a unique area where mineral waters differ by their chemical composition and balneological properties. The... 相似文献
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Nikolay A. Vinnichenko Yulia Yu. Plaksina Ksenia M. Baranova Alexey V. Pushtaev Alexander V. Uvarov 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1045-1056
Dynamics of the surface layer in different liquids is examined by means of infrared thermography of the surface and simultaneous velocity fields measurements using surface and infrared Particle Image Velocimetry. This technique allows measurements and comparison of two velocity fields—at the surface and at small depth about 50–200 μm. In distilled water the velocity fields at the surface and at small depth exhibit significant dissimilarity. The flow field below the surface is essentially 3D, whereas the surface flow is characterized by vanishing 2D divergence of velocity, indicating predominantly planar motion. In contrast, in ethanol–butanol mixture two velocity fields are well correlated, both corresponding to 3D flow with continuous surface renewal. Thermal patterns, observed at the surface, and the flow field structure in different liquids are associated with different boundary conditions for velocity at the surface. Water surface is seldom renewed, which inhibits heat and mass exchange between the liquid and atmosphere. However, absence of vertical advection also enables organisms to live within the surface layer, to stand and walk on the free surface. This is illustrated by the difficulties a water strider faces on the surface of ultrapure water, which exhibits Marangoni convection. 相似文献
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Sandanger TM Brustad M Odland JO Doudarev AA Miretsky GI Chaschin V Burkow IC Lund E 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(4):689-696
Some of the people living in the Chukotka Peninsula of Russia depend heavily on marine mammals, but little is known of the exact dietary patterns and plasma levels of POPs among these populations. In this study, POPs levels in plasma from 50 participants from the isolated community of Uelen (Bering Strait) were determined and related to dietary information obtained through a food frequency questionnaire. The intake of marine mammals was high and the combined intake of blubber from walrus, seal and whale was a significant predictor (p < 0.01) of plasma concentrations of sum PCBs and borderline for sum CDs (p = 0.02) and sum DDTs (p = 0.04). There was a significant gender difference in the levels of POPs, and among women there was a significant increase with age. Extensive breastfeeding and lower blubber intake among women could be possible explanations for this gender difference. Despite the high intake of blubber the plasma levels of PCBs and DDTs were lower than some of those reported for the East Coast of Greenland. The geometric mean values for sum PCBs (17 congeners) and sum DDTs were 1316 ng g(-1) lipids and 563 ng g(-1) lipids, respectively. PCB 163, which partly co-eluted with PCB 138, was found in high concentrations (40% of PCB 138). This raises questions regarding the validity of using PCB 138 and PCB 153 to calculate the level of Arochlor 1260. The geometric mean of sum CDs was 518 ng g(-1) lipids. Concentrations of beta-HCH (geometric mean; 410 ng g(-1) lipids) were higher than observed for other native populations depending on marine mammals. Transportation of beta-HCH by ocean currents through the Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean or regional point sources might explain these elevated levels. 相似文献
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Elena N. Bukvareva Karsten Grunewald Sergey N. Bobylev Dimitry G. Zamolodchikov Alexey V. Zimenko Olaf Bastian 《Ambio》2015,44(6):491-507
This paper focusses on a conceptual overview of ways to address a comprehensive analysis of ecosystem services (ES) in a country as large and heterogeneous as Russia. As a first step, a methodology for assessing the services for the federal subjects of Russia was chosen, i.e., its constituent provinces and similar entities, in physical terms. Russia harbors a great diversity of natural conditions and ecosystems which are suppliers of ES, and likewise a variety of the socio-economic conditions that shape the demand for these services and their consumption. The methodological approach described permits several important tasks to be addressed: the evaluation of the degree of satisfaction of people’s needs for ES, the identification of ecological donor and acceptor regions, and zoning of the country’s territory for ES assessment. The next step is to prepare a prototype of a National Report on ES in Russia, for which we are presenting the planned structure. 相似文献
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Lena Maria Nilsson Georgia Destouni James Berner Alexey A. Dudarev Gert Mulvad Jon Øyvind Odland Alan Parkinson Constantine Tikhonov Arja Rautio Birgitta Evengård 《Ambio》2013,42(7):816-822
This perspective paper argues for an urgent need to monitor a set of 12 concrete, measurable indicators of food and water security in the Arctic over time. Such a quantitative indicator approach may be viewed as representing a reductionist rather than a holistic perspective, but is nevertheless necessary for actually knowing what reality aspects to monitor in order to accurately understand, quantify, and be able to project critical changes to food and water security of both indigenous and non-indigenous people in the Arctic. More relevant indicators may be developed in the future, taking us further toward reconciliation between reductionist and holistic approaches to change assessment and understanding. However, the potential of such further development to improved holistic change assessment is not an argument not to urgently start to monitor and quantify the changes in food and water security indicators that are immediately available and adequate for the Arctic context. 相似文献
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A saturation of climate–carbon cycle feedback was found earlier in the simulations with the IAP RAS climate model of intermediate complexity. Here, this eventual saturation is interpreted by using a conceptual linearised coupled model. It is shown that this saturation is due to weak, logarithmic, dependence of the carbon dioxide radiative forcing on its atmospheric concentration. This eventual saturation leads to the non-monotonic behaviour of climate–carbon cycle parameter f in time. If the time scale of the atmospheric CO2 build up is tp then, starting from an initial equilibrium, f approaches maximum in time ?tp. Afterwards, climate–carbon cycle parameter decreases and eventually tends to unity. The time scale of the latter decrease is t1=(1−5)tp. A dependence of tm and t1 on governing parameters of the conceptual model is studied. It is argued that an eventual saturation of the climate–carbon cycle feedback is expected to occur also in the other integrations of sufficient length with coupled climate–carbon cycle models. 相似文献
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Jacob Carstensen Daniel J. Conley Erik Bonsdorff Bo G. Gustafsson Susanna Hietanen Urzsula Janas Tom Jilbert Alexey Maximov Alf Norkko Joanna Norkko Daniel C. Reed Caroline P. Slomp Karen Timmermann Maren Voss 《Ambio》2014,43(1):26-36
Hypoxia has occurred intermittently over the Holocene in the Baltic Sea, but the recent expansion from less than 10 000 km2 before 1950 to >60 000 km2 since 2000 is mainly caused by enhanced nutrient inputs from land and atmosphere. With worsening hypoxia, the role of sediments changes from nitrogen removal to nitrogen release as ammonium. At present, denitrification in the water column and sediments is equally important. Phosphorus is currently buried in sediments mainly in organic form, with an additional contribution of reduced Fe-phosphate minerals in the deep anoxic basins. Upon the transition to oxic conditions, a significant proportion of the organic phosphorus will be remineralized, with the phosphorus then being bound to iron oxides. This iron-oxide bound phosphorus is readily released to the water column upon the onset of hypoxia again. Important ecosystems services carried out by the benthic fauna, including biogeochemical feedback-loops and biomass production, are also lost with hypoxia. The results provide quantitative knowledge of nutrient release and recycling processes under various environmental conditions in support of decision support tools underlying the Baltic Sea Action Plan. 相似文献
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Kalashnikov Valeriy Zaitsev Aleksandr Atroschenko Mihail Miroshnikov Sergey Frolov Alexey Zavyalov Oleg 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24620-24629
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elemental status of 214 mares aged 3–7 years from 11 breeds was studied: Arabian purebred (n = 20), Bashkir (n = 20), Kabarda (n = 20), Vyatka... 相似文献
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Biacore biosensor immunoassay for 4-nonylphenols: assay optimization and applicability for shellfish analysis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A rapid Biacore biosensor immunoassay of 4-nonylphenols was developed. Two types of antibodies were used in the study: polyclonal antibodies with high cross-reactivity towards technical 4-nonylphenol and a monoclonal antibody very specific to 4-n-nonylphenol. 9-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)nonanoic acid was immobilized onto surface of a sensor chip. The best assay sensitivity was achieved using a flow rate of 50 microl min(-1) and injection time of 2 min. For the assay incorporating monoclonal antibodies a limit of detection 2 ng ml(-1) for 4-n-nonylphenol was achieved. With polyclonal antibodies one order lower sensitivity was observed for 4-nonylphenols. High background level of calibration curve for technical 4-nonylphenol was decreased by using IgG fraction of polyclonal antibodies in combination with lower amount of immobilised 9-(p-hydroxyphenyl)nonanoic acid. Sensitivity of the assay was improved by using a chip with a new derivative on a surface-N-aminobutyl [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine] (limit of detection--5 ng ml(-1)). Applicability of the developed assays to ecological monitoring was checked in experiments using shellfish samples. 4-n-Nonylphenol from spiked samples was extracted into hexane followed by clean-up on NH2 SPE columns. Calibration curves generated for cockles, mussels and oyster samples were identical (limit of detection about 10 ng g(-1)) whereas for scallop samples a slight decrease (about 5-10%) of absolute response was observed. In the assay using the monoclonal antibody specific to 4-n-nonylphenol 31 shellfish samples were found to be negative. Results obtained with polyclonal antibodies indicated that two scallop samples contained a quantity of 4-nonylphenols. The developed biosensor assay could be applied for shellfish analysis as a preliminary screening method. 相似文献