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1.
Ranko Glumac Ramona Franić Andrej Udovč 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(1):67-91
The agri-environmental programme (AEP) is the European Union policy instrument used for the delivery of environmental services expected by the society, but societal expectations for these environmental services are insufficiently assessed. In order to realistically meet the expectations of AEP, this research utilises analytical hierarchy process based web survey to assess the importance that various societal stakeholders in the European countries of Slovenia and Croatia give to specific environmental services and to also identify the agricultural practices that have the greatest potential to realise the expectations that society values the most. All stakeholders (overall group) from Slovenia and Croatia ranked water quality and availability as the first most important environmental service, and reduction of pesticides as the most important agricultural practice to deliver societal expectations. The results indicate that there is similar demand for environmental services in these two countries that differ in their agricultural settings. 相似文献
2.
Kostanjsek R Lapanje A Drobne D Perović S Perović A Zidar P Strus J Hollert H Karaman G 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(6):361-368
- Goal, Scope, Background. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in Balkan Peninsula, located on the Montenegro-Albanian border. The
unique features of the lake and wide range of endemic and rare or endangered plant and animal species resulted in the classification
of the Skadar as a wetland site of international significance. In spite of its importance the Lake is influenced by inflowing
waters from river Morača and other regional rivers contaminated by the industry, municipal and agricultural activities in
the area. Therefore, the Lake has been subject of various physical, chemical, biological and toxicological examinations. However,
community-level analyses are most relevant to assess the effect of stressors on aquatic ecosystems. In the present study bacterial
community structure among differently polluted sites of the lake was compared by genetic fingerprinting technique.
Methods Water and sediment samples were collected from five differently polluted sampling sites on the Lake Skadar in spring and
autumn of the same year. The bacterial community structure in the samples was characterized and compared by temporal temperature
gel electrophoresis (TTGE) analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes.
Results and Discussion The TTGE analysis resulted in many distinguishable and reproducible band patterns, allowing reliable comparison of bacterial
communities among sampling sites. Results on the bacterial community structure revealed that three of the selected locations
can be considered as sites that have not shown any pollution degradation determined by our method, due to similar structure
of bacterial community in the sediment samples. On the other hand, significant shifts in bacterial community structure in
the mouth of the river Morača and Plavnica were shown. Since the results coincide with some of the bioassays and chemical
analysis performed previously, the changes in bacterial community structure are explained as an effect of antropogenic pollution
on the lake ecosystem by waters of river Morača and stream Plavnica.
Conclusion The TTGE has proven to be an efficient and reliable method to monitor bacterial dynamics and community shifts in aquatic
environment, especially in the sediments. Within the variety of environmental quality assessments the use of TTGE analyses
of bacterial community is strongly recommended, particularly as an initial investigation. However, in any conclusion on the
state of the environment, the TTGE results should be combined to some other biological, chemical and hydrological data.
Recommendation and Outlook Since prokaryotes are a crucial group of organisms in the biosphere, the ecosystem function studies are largely based on
bacterial communities. Therefore, bacterial community structure analysis should be a part of an integrated weight of evidence
approach in pollution assessment. In case of Triad approach, consisting of chemical analyses, bioassays, and community studies
in the field, the TTGE bacterial community structure analyses should be placed in the later Triad leg. In comparison to other
community studies, based on various biotic indices, the TTGE bacterial community analysis has proven to be very sensitive,
reliable and less time consuming. 相似文献
3.
Fifty-eight fungi have been tested for their ability to degrade a recalcitrant synthetic polymer polyamide-6, generally known as nylon-6. Most of them were isolated from a factory producing nylon-6. After preliminary screening, 12 strains were selected for submerged culture in a medium with nylon fibres as the only N-source. No degradation was observed with the isolates from the factory. Wood degrading fungi from a culture collection, however, degraded nylon after incubation for several weeks. Bjerkandera adusta disintegrated the fibres most efficiently, starting with the small transverse grooves, which deepened into cracks. The superficial layers crumbled to leave a thin inner core of the fibre, which finally broke down into fragments. The remaining insoluble part of the nylon showed a decrease in number average molecular mass from 16900 to 5600 during a 60-day incubation. Its thermal properties, such as shifts in melting points and broadening of the melting endotherms, were altered. The reduction of the amount of nylon and the composition of the liquid phase indicated that part of the polymer was degraded into soluble products. After 50 days, the total nitrogen content of the soluble fraction was 10-fold higher than in the control sample. Manganese peroxidase, presumably responsible for the degradation, was detected in the liquid phase. The study shows that only white rot fungi are able to break down nylon-6. For the first time this polymer was shown to be disrupted by B. adusta. The extent of the biodegradation indicates its potential for application in nylon waste reduction. 相似文献
4.
Simo Sarkki Andrej Ficko Karsten Grunewald Maria Nijnik 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(7):2019-2032
The concept of ecosystem services (ES) is being increasingly applied in environmental governance and science. To safeguard key ES in changing and complex social–ecological systems such as treeline areas, we need to (1) map key ES in different types of treeline landscapes, (2) identify the stakeholders benefiting from and threatening ES, and (3) examine how ES could be governed more sustainably. We explore these questions in European treeline areas by using quantitative and qualitative social science techniques to analyse responses from a survey of local scientific experts in 20 altitudinal and polar treeline areas in 15 European countries. In contrast to the prevalent consideration of treeline areas as a single type of a social–ecological system, we show that European treeline areas can be divided into two types that significantly differ in the delivery of ES. Our analyses allowed us to categorize stakeholders according to their benefits from and threats to ES; “Green key players” formed the most numerous group, while smaller number of stakeholder groups was categorized as “Harmless crowd”, “Occasional stressors”, and “Risky users”. However, behaviour of stakeholders is very much site-specific. Of 595 pairs of stakeholders analysed, we found <5 EU-wide “Allies” and “Opponents”. Recommendations for improved governance include adjusting governance instruments to specific problems in divergent treeline systems and creating participatory structures where stakeholders better interact with scientists and can genuinely influence management decisions. 相似文献
5.
Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Operation and Ownership (AECOO) team up in a multi-disciplinary collaborative system to create buildings and infrastructure. The participating disciplines have reached a state in which traditional methods and forms of input data introduce entropy that compromises sustainable construction in larger projects. It became difficult to reach planned optimum project duration and costs this way. New approaches based on the systematic digitalization of the building lifecycle, from design to demolition, can solve the problem by involving the concepts of building information modeling (BIM) systems and big data. Previous research on BIM and big data only studied the potential for construction performance. In addition to extending research into systems’ thinking and technical sustainability of big visual data, this paper extends our previous work in the area by introducing a new conceptual and technical framework for sustainable management of construction site big visual data. 相似文献
6.
Inna P. Solyanikova Andrej L. Mulyukin Natalja E. Suzina Galina I. El-Registan Ludmila A. Golovleva 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):638-647
The goals of the present work were as follows: to obtain the dormant forms of R. opacus 1cp; to study the phenotypic variability during their germination; to compare phenotypic variants during the growth on selective and elective media; and to reveal changes in the ability of the strain to destruct xenobiotics that had not been degradable before dormancy. It was shown that Rhodococcus opacus 1cp (the strain degrading chlorinated phenols) became able to utilize a broader spectrum of xenobiotics after storage in the dormant state. Germination of the dormant forms of R. opacus 1cp on an agarized medium was followed by emergence and development of phenotypic variants that could grow on 4-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol without adaptation. The cells of R. opacus 1cp phenotypic variants also utilized all of the tested chlorinated phenols: 2,3-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dichloro-, 2,3,4- and 2,4,5-trichloro-, pentachlorophenol, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in concentrations up to 60 mg/L, though at the lower rates than 4-CP and 2,4,6-TCP. The improved degradation of chlorinated phenols by R. opacus strain 1cp exposed to the growth arrest conditions demonstrates the significance of dormancy for further manifestation of the adaptive potential of populations. A new principle of selection of variants with improved biodegradative properties was proposed. It embraces introduction of the dormancy stage into the cell life cycle with subsequent direct inoculation of morphologically different colonies into the media with different toxicants, including those previously not degraded by the strain. 相似文献
7.
Andrej?SteyerEmail author Ion?Gutiérrez-Aguirre Nejc?Ra?ki Sara?Beigot Glaser Barbara?Brajer Humar Marjeta?Stra?ar Igor??krjanc Mateja?Polj?ak-Prijatelj Maja?Ravnikar Maja?Rupnik 《Food and environmental virology》2015,7(2):164-172
Waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is considered as an important source of surface water contamination by enteric pathogens. In this study, we describe the occurrence of enteric viruses (group A rotaviruses, noroviruses, astroviruses, sapoviruses, hepatitis A virus, and hepatitis E virus) and Clostridium difficile in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant during a 1-year period. Enteric viruses were simultaneously and efficiently concentrated in a single step using methacrylate monolithic chromatographic support. Rotaviruses, noroviruses (genogroup I and II), and sapoviruses were detected in all 12 concentrated samples, whereas astroviruses were not detected in August and September and hepatitis A and E viruses were not detected at all. Clostridium difficile was detected in all samples and altogether 121 strains were isolated and grouped into 32 different ribotypes of which 014/020 and 010 were most prevalent. Pathogens detected in WWTP effluent partially reflect the epidemiological situation of enteric viruses and C. difficile in human population and open the discussion on implementation of possible techniques for virus and bacteria removal from WWTP effluent prior to release into the surface water system. 相似文献
8.
Elie Gaget Diego Pavón-Jordán Alison Johnston Aleksi Lehikoinen Wesley M. Hochachka Brett K. Sandercock Alaaeldin Soultan Hichem Azafzaf Nadjiba Bendjedda Taulant Bino Luka Božič Preben Clausen Mohamed Dakki Koen Devos Cristi Domsa Vitor Encarnação Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz Sándor Faragó Teresa Frost Clemence Gaudard Lívia Gosztonyi Fredrik Haas Menno Hornman Tom Langendoen Christina Ieronymidou Vasiliy A. Kostyushin Lesley J. Lewis Svein-Håkon Lorentsen Leho Luigujõe Włodzimierz Meissner Tibor Mikuska Blas Molina Zuzana Musilová Viktor Natykanets Jean-Yves Paquet Nicky Petkov Danae Portolou Jozef Ridzoň Samir Sayoud Marko Šćiban Laimonas Sniauksta Antra Stīpniece Nicolas Strebel Norbert Teufelbauer Goran Topić Danka Uzunova Andrej Vizi Johannes Wahl Marco Zenatello Jon E. Brommer 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):834-845
Climate warming is driving changes in species distributions and community composition. Many species have a so-called climatic debt, that is, shifts in range lag behind shifts in temperature isoclines. Inside protected areas (PAs), community changes in response to climate warming can be facilitated by greater colonization rates by warm-dwelling species, but also mitigated by lowering extirpation rates of cold-dwelling species. An evaluation of the relative importance of colonization-extirpation processes is important to inform conservation strategies that aim for both climate debt reduction and species conservation. We assessed the colonization-extirpation dynamics involved in community changes in response to climate inside and outside PAs. To do so, we used 25 years of occurrence data of nonbreeding waterbirds in the western Palearctic (97 species, 7071 sites, 39 countries, 1993–2017). We used a community temperature index (CTI) framework based on species thermal affinities to investigate species turnover induced by temperature increase. We determined whether thermal community adjustment was associated with colonization by warm-dwelling species or extirpation of cold-dwelling species by modeling change in standard deviation of the CTI (CTISD). Using linear mixed-effects models, we investigated whether communities in PAs had lower climatic debt and different patterns of community change than communities outside PAs. For CTI and CTISD combined, communities inside PAs had more species, higher colonization, lower extirpation, and lower climatic debt (16%) than communities outside PAs. Thus, our results suggest that PAs facilitate 2 independent processes that shape community dynamics and maintain biodiversity. The community adjustment was, however, not sufficiently fast to keep pace with the large temperature increases in the central and northeastern western Palearctic. Our results underline the potential of combining CTI and CTISD metrics to improve understanding of the colonization-extirpation patterns driven by climate warming. 相似文献
9.
The only stable iodine isotope is 127I and the natural 129I/127I ratio in the biosphere has increased from 10(-15)-10(-14) to 10(-10)-10(-9), mainly due to emissions from nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. In Europe they are located at La Hague (France) and Sellafield (England), where the ratio of 129I/127I is up to 10(-4). The marine environment, i.e. the oceans, is the major source of iodine with average concentrations of around 60 mirogL(-1) iodine in seawater. Brown algae accumulate iodine at high levels of up to 1.0% of dry weight, and therefore they are an ideal bioindicator for studying the levels of 127I and 129I in the marine environment. A radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) method, developed at our laboratory, was used for 129I determination in the brown alga Fucus virsoides (Donati) J. Agardh, and the same technique of RNAA was used for total 127I determination. The samples were collected along the coast of the Gulf of Trieste and the West coast of Istria in the North Adriatic Sea in the period from 2005 to 2006. Values of the 129I/127I ratio up to 10(-9) were found, which is in agreement with the present average global distribution of 129I. The levels of stable iodine found were in the range from 235 to 506 microg g(-1) and the levels of 129I from 1.7 to 7.3 x 10(-3)Bq kg(-1) (2.6-10.9 x 10(-7) microg g(-1)), on a dry matter basis. 相似文献
10.
van Elteren JT Slejkovec Z Arčon I Beeston MP Pohar A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1625-1633
A soil with a relatively high Fe content (2.82% [w/w]) was loaded for up to one year with As(v) by equilibrating it with a solution containing 1000 mg l(-1) As(v) at a soil mass-to-solution ratio of 0.1 kg l(-1). The incorporation of As(v) into the soil and its distribution over the soil phases were monitored by sampling at strategic time intervals using an operationally defined five-step sequential extraction procedure (Wenzel et al., Anal. Chim. Acta, 2001, 436, 309) and subsequent As measurement. A multiple kinetic Langmuir model was developed to retrieve the dynamic parameters (adsorption and desorption rate constants, capacities and Langmuir equilibrium constants) for each of the soil phases by numerical fitting of the experimental adsorption data to the model. Under the equilibration conditions used the adsorption rate constants for all five operationally defined soil phases were very similar but the desorption rate constants decreased by a factor of ca. 150 from soil phase 1 (non-specifically sorbed As) to 5 (residual phases). This implies that As(v) incorporation "deeper" into the soil leads to stronger binding which is associated with the Langmuir equilibrium constants (adsorption rate constants/desorption rate constants). Equilibration of the soil with As(v) was complete in ca. 10 days with As(v) predominantly bound to soil phase 2 (specifically sorbed As) and soil phase 3 (amorphous and poorly crystalline hydrous oxides). X-Ray absorption spectroscopy techniques revealed that these binding characteristics may be related to adsorption of As(v) on Si- and/or Al-containing structures and natural hydrous iron oxide (HFO) surface sites, respectively. Since the model is independent of the initial As(v) concentration in the solution and the soil mass-to-solution ratio, the behaviour of the thus characterized soil-As(v) system can be predicted for a range of conditions. Simulations showed that in an accidental As(v) spill the soil studied would actively scavenge As(v) by instantaneous adsorption onto all soil phases followed by redistribution of As(v) from weaker binding sites to stronger ones over time. 相似文献