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1.
The hypothesis that the behaviour of deep-sea scavenging fishes is influenced by seasonal input of organic matter from the
ocean surface was investigated by observing responses to baits placed on the sea floor at 4800 m depth in the NE Atlantic
(48°50′N; 16°30′W) during spring (April 1994). Data from the present study are compared with those from previous studies of
the same location made in summer 1989. The first fishes to arrive at baits were the grenadier Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus and the eel Histiobranchus bathybius, after delays of 28 and 29 min, respectively; these results are not significantly different from those of summer 1989. Similarly,
other indices of activity (staying time and swimming speed) showed no evidence of differences between years/seasons. However,
the rate of radial dispersal of bait (0.009 m s−1) by C. (N.) armatus was much slower than in all previous studies. A change in the size distribution of C. (N.) armatus to smaller individuals in spring 1994 was also evident. It is suggested that the fish on the abyssal plain may not comprise
a steady-state population and that major episodic or seasonal migrations may occur.
Received: 18 October 1996 / Accepted: 20 December 1996 相似文献
2.
Clément Feger Laurent Mermet Bhaskar Vira Prue F.E. Addison Richard Barker Frank Birkin John Burns Stuart Cooper Denis Couvet Thomas Cuckston Gretchen C. Daily Colin Dey Louise Gallagher Rosemary Hails Stephen Jollands Georgina Mace Emily Mckenzie Markus Milne Paolo Quattrone Alexandre Rambaud Shona Russell Marta Santamaria William J. Sutherland 《Conservation biology》2019,33(4):972-975
Article impact statement: New collaborations with accounting research can improve conservation impact of ecosystem-based information systems. 相似文献
3.
Policies for conservation outside protected areas, such as those designed to address the decline in Australian mammals, will not result in net improvements unless they address barriers to proenvironmental behavior. We used a mixed‐methods approach to explore potential value‐action gaps (disconnects between values and subsequent action) for small mammal conservation behaviors among pastoralists in dryland Australia. Using semistructured surveys and open‐ended interviews (n = 43), we explored values toward small mammals; uptake of a range of current and intended actions that may provide benefit to small mammals; and potential perceived barriers to their uptake. Pastoralists assigned great conservation value to small mammals; over 80% (n = 36) agreed to strongly agreed that small mammals on their property were important. These values did not translate into stated willingness to engage in voluntary cessation of wild‐dog control (r2 = 0.187, p = 0.142, n = 43). However, assigning great conservation value to small mammals was strongly related to stated voluntary willingness to engage in the proenvironmental behavior most likely to result in benefits to small mammals: cat and fox control (r2 = 0.558, p = 0.000, n = 43). There was no significant difference between stated voluntarily and incentivized willingness to engage in cat and fox control (p = 0.862, n = 43). The high levels of willingness to engage in voluntary cat and fox control highlight a potential entry point for addressing Australia's mammal declines because the engagement of pastoralists in conservation programs targeting cat and fox control is unlikely to be prevented by attitudinal constraints. Qualitative data suggest there is likely a subpopulation of pastoralists who value small mammals but do not wish to engage in formal conservation programs due to relational barriers with potential implementers. A long‐term commitment to engagement with pastoralists by implementers will thus be necessary for conservation success. On‐property cat and fox control programs that build and leverage trust, shared goals, collaboration, and shared learning experiences between stakeholders and that explicitly recognize the complexity of small mammal dynamics and the property‐level ecological knowledge of pastoralists are more likely to gain traction. 相似文献
4.
Physical and chemical properties which control the environmental distribution of five PCB replacement chemicals (di-isopropylnaphthalenes, phenylxylylethanes, butylated monochlorodiphenyl ethers, isopropylbiphenyls and tetrachloroethylene) have been obtained. These data are used to predict the distribution of these chemicals, a pentachlorobiphenyl and -DDE in an evaluative environment using a fugacity approach. This simple model gives no information about reactivity or persistence. More complex fugacity models are used to compare these additional features of a di-isopropylnaphthalene PCB replacement with those of a PCB. 相似文献
5.
In blubber from maternal grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Sable Is., NS, sigma DDT (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) concentrations declined from 12 micrograms/g lipid in 1974 to 0.5 microgram/g in 1994. Pup blubber sigma DDT concentrations were about 60% of those of their mothers, and declined at similar rates. In maternal seals, p,p'-DDE increased from 56% sigma DDT in 1974 to 89% in 1994. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations did not change between 1976 and 1988, but then declined; the relative proportion of chlorobiphenyl (CB) 101 increased, and those of CBs 170 and 187 decreased between 1985 and 1991. Concentrations of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and trans-nonachlor declined after 1988, and of oxychlordane after 1992; concentrations of hexachlorobenzene were constant between 1984 and 1994. 相似文献
6.
Brian M. Shamblin Mark G. Dodd Dean A. Bagley Llewellyn M. Ehrhart Anton D. Tucker Chris Johnson Raymond R. Carthy Russell A. Scarpino Erin McMichael David S. Addison Kristina L. Williams Michael G. Frick Stefanie Ouellette Anne B. Meylan Matthew H. Godfrey Sally R. Murphy Campbell J. Nairn 《Marine Biology》2011,158(3):571-587
The southeastern United States supports one of two large loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nesting aggregations worldwide and is therefore critical to global conservation and recovery efforts for the species. Previous studies have established the presence of four demographically distinct nesting populations (management units) corresponding to beaches from (1) North Carolina through northeastern Florida, (2) peninsular Florida, (3) the Dry Tortugas, and (4) northwest Florida. Temporal and geographic genetic structure of the nesting aggregation was examined utilizing partial mitochondrial control region haplotype frequencies from 834 samples collected over the 2002 through 2008 nesting seasons from 19 beaches as well as previously published haplotype data. Most rookeries did not exhibit interannual genetic variation. However, the interannual variation detected did significantly impact the interpretation of spatial genetic structure in northeastern Florida. Based on pairwise F ST comparisons, exact tests of population differentiation, and analysis of molecular variance, the present study upholds the distinctiveness of the four currently recognized management units and further supports recognition of discrete central eastern, southern (southeastern and southwestern), and central western Florida management units. Further subdivision may be warranted, but more intensive genetic sampling is required. In addition, tools such as telemetry and mark-recapture are needed to complement genetic data and overcome limitations of genetic markers in resolving loggerhead turtle rookery connectivity in the southeastern USA. 相似文献
7.
Biodiversity declines threaten the sustainability of global economies and societies. Acknowledging this, businesses are beginning to make commitments to account for and mitigate their influence on biodiversity and report this in sustainability reports. We assessed the top 100 of the 2016 Fortune 500 Global companies' (the Fortune 100) sustainability reports to gauge the current state of corporate biodiversity accountability. Almost half (49) of the Fortune 100 mentioned biodiversity in reports, and 31 made clear biodiversity commitments, of which only 5 were specific, measureable, and time bound. A variety of biodiversity-related activities were disclosed (e.g., managing impacts, restoring biodiversity, and investing in biodiversity), but only 9 companies provided quantitative indicators to verify the magnitude of their activities (e.g., area of habitat restored). No companies reported quantitative biodiversity outcomes, making it difficult to determine whether business actions were of sufficient magnitude to address impacts and were achieving positive outcomes for nature. Conservation science can advance approaches to corporate biodiversity accountability by helping businesses make science-based biodiversity commitments, develop meaningful indicators, and select more targeted activities to address business impacts. With the biodiversity policy super year of 2020 rapidly approaching, now is the time for conservation scientists to engage with and support businesses in playing a critical role in setting the new agenda for a sustainable future for the planet with biodiversity at its heart. 相似文献
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9.
Katrina F. Phillips Katherine L. Mansfield David J. Die David S. Addison 《Marine Biology》2014,161(4):863-870
Few long-term mark-recapture tagging datasets exist to estimate population parameters for loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) recovery units. Using a two-state open robust design model, we analyzed a 20-year (1990–2009) mark-recapture dataset from the Keewaydin Island loggerhead nesting assemblage off the southwest coast of Florida (USA) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. For this analysis, 2,292 turtle encounters were evaluated, representing 841 individual nesting turtles. Survival was estimated at 0.73 (95 % CI 0.69–0.76). This estimate is comparable with survival estimates elsewhere in the Peninsular Florida subpopulation and is among the lowest estimates for the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead population. We documented no changes in remigration rates or clutch frequency over time. These are the first survival and remigration probabilities estimated for a loggerhead nesting assemblage in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
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