灰色层次分析法在脱硝技术评价中的应用

火电厂排放的氮氧化物(NOx)是主要的大气污染源之一,以灰色层次分析法为基础,选择目前应用较为成熟的3种典型的烟气脱硝工艺进行多指标、多层次的综合评价,将3种脱硝技术按照优劣进行排序,进而为选择合适的脱硝装置提供参考依据,以减少火电厂氮氧化物的排放。     

珠江三角洲地区亚运期间颗粒物污染特征

为研究2010年广州亚运会期间珠江三角洲地区颗粒物污染特征,2010年11月11日—30日分别在广州市区城市点及下风向鹤山区域点采集24h颗粒物样品,对其主要化学组分(有机碳OC、元素碳EC和水溶性离子)进行测量.结果显示,观测期间广州和鹤山PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为(73.3±16.5)μg·m-3和(98.2±20.8)μg·m-3.鹤山PM10平均浓度高达131.6μg·m-3,且PM2.5占PM10的74%,表明区域PM2.5污染凸显.广州和鹤山PM2.5中二次无机离子(SNA)分别占39%和42%,有机物(OM)分别占31%和26%,EC分别占5%和6%.根据EC示踪法粗略估算,广州和鹤山PM2.5中一次有机碳POC分别占15%和13%,二次有机碳SOC分别占4%和3%.总体上,广州和鹤山PM2.5中二次生成(SNA+SOA)均约占50%,表明珠江三角洲地区PM2.5区域性二次污染的特征.广州市区PM2.5及SNA、Cl-和EC明显低于区域点鹤山浓度水平;与2004年同期研究(PRIDE-PRD2004)结果相比,气象条件相似,而广州市区PM2.5及EC浓度分别显著降低达29.6μg·m-3(29%)和3.5μg·m-3(49%),反映出亚运期间一次排放得到有效控制.     

高炉煤气袋式除尘器入口段数值模拟

烟气进入袋式除尘器时的分布状况是影响除尘效率和滤袋寿命的关键因素之一。利用Fluent软件对高炉煤气袋式除尘器入口段进行了数值模拟,分析了除尘器入口段气相速度场和压力场的分布情况,得到了该段气相流场的分布规律。模拟结果表明:除尘器入口段的气流分布不够均匀,有待进一步优化,模拟结果对装置运行及其优化设计有一定的理论指导意义。     

Spatial distribution,pollution characteristics,and health risks of antibiotic resistance genes in China: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the extensive production and use of antibiotics for medicinal and veterinary purposes, antibiotics and genes that code for antibiotic resistance are now...     

基于生态环境现状监测的非生长季节植被监测因子筛选——以元上都遗址周边环境监测调查为例

本文以元上都申遗项目环境监测调查为例,在植物凋落生态学原理的基础上,筛选出适合评价非生长季节生态环境现状的植被监测因子;为加快区域生态环境现状监测调查与评价的进展奠定了基础。     

Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm weremeasured onboardby a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). The average hourly particle number (PN) was around 4560 ± 3240 in the South Yellow Sea (SYS), 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea (NYS), and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea (BS). PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied slightly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were classified using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm (ART-2a). Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflowonmarine environment. Variation of source types dependedmainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of high-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.     

一株生物素依赖型菌株bio-5:分离,初步鉴定及其用于生物素浓度测定

从西红柿根圈土壤中分离纯化到一株生物素依赖型菌株bio - 5 ,经测定其内源抗生素抗性和脂肪酸特征 ,初步定名为假单胞菌bio - 5 .这一菌株对生物素非常敏感 .建立了以此菌株用于测定生物素浓度的标准方法 .利用这一方法 ,测定了不同作物叶子中生物素的含量 ,并将这一方法成功用于筛选转stv基因烟草植物 .与传统生物素测定菌株LactobacillusplantarumATCC80 14比较 ,我们所分离的菌株具有易于获得 ,易于培养 ,快速用于生物素浓度测定的特点 .图 7表 2参 2 2     

草地建设是农牧交错带生态农业建设的关键环节——内蒙古阴山北麓生态农业建设的实践与启示

针对农牧交错带生态系统特点和存在的环境问题，以阴山北麓化德县七号乡小公勿素村为试点开展了以草地建设为中心的农牧结合型生态农业建设。试点以草地建设为突破口，通过建立人工灌丛草地、改良退化草场、建立饲草料基地等措施，取得了显著的生态、经济和社会效益。试点建设证明，草地建设是农牧交错带生态农业建设的关键环节。     

基于模糊聚类排序方法的火电厂脱硫项目评价

对火电厂脱硫项目进行评价以区分等级,对调整我国现行的脱硫电价补偿政策有重要参考意义。为此引入模糊聚类方法对脱硫项目进行评价排序,为脱硫项目的等级区分做初步探索。根据评价目标分别虚拟最优和最劣标准对象,将其插入原样本里作为中心进行模糊系统聚类,求得样本与标准对象的相似系数,进而根据修正后的相似系数对样本进行评价排序。应用该方法对广东省16个火电厂的脱硫项目的绩效进行了评价排序,其评价结果具有较强的准确性和合理性。     

Development of a PCR strategy for thraustochytrid identification based on 18S rDNA sequence

The identification and characterization of the thraustochytrids, an emerging economically and biotechnologically important group of marine heterotrophic protists, is usually based on morphological characters. In this research we used molecular markers to identify thraustochytrids. We designed three sets of primers based on the 18S rDNA sequence alignment of known strains and employed a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) strategy to identify unknown thraustochytrid isolates. DNA from 26 thraustochytrids (three isolated from primary cell cultures of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri and 23 from a coral holding aquarium) were amplified by these primers, revealing 21 isolates with three bands each, which were assigned to two groups according to PCR fragment sizes. Taxonomic characterizations were deduced by comparing with GenBank data. Four isolates were further studied by sequencing their 18S rDNA. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from the coral aquarium (7-5 and 8-7) were highly similar to each other and 95.0-97.0% similar to Thraustochytrium multirudimentale and Schizochytrium minutum. Isolates from the tunicate primary cell cultures (BS1 and BS2) were also closely related to each other and 84.3-86.0% similar to labyrinthulid quahog parasite and Thraustochytrium pachydermum. AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) analysis revealed 2.5-3.6% differences within the genomic DNA of each group, showing that each isolate is different, although isolates within each group may belong to the same species, in spite of differences found in the general morphology.