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1.
Angeliki Lyssimachou Rémi Thibaut Enric Gisbert Cinta Porte 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):862-871
The human lipid regulator gemfibrozil (GEM) has been shown to induce peroxisome proliferation in rodents leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. Since GEM is found at biological active concentrations in the aquatic environment, the present study investigates the effects of this drug on the yellow European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Eels were injected with different concentrations of GEM (0.1 to 200 μg/g) and sampled 24- and 96-h post-injection. GEM was shown to inhibit CYP1A, CYP3A and CYP2K-like catalytic activities 24-h post-injection, but at 96-h post-injection, only CYP1A was significantly altered in fish injected with the highest GEM dose. On the contrary, GEM had little effect on the phase II enzymes examined (UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione-S-transferase). Peroxisome proliferation inducible enzymes (liver peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase and catalase) were very weakly induced. No evidence of a significant effect on the endocrine system of eels was observed in terms of plasmatic steroid levels or testosterone esterification in the liver. 相似文献
2.
Survey of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and herbicides in Spanish source waters intended for bottling 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Bono-Blay F Guart A de la Fuente B Pedemonte M Pastor MC Borrell A Lacorte S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3339-3349
Background, aim and scope
Groundwaters and source waters are exposed to environmental pollution due to agricultural and industrial activities that can enhance the leaching of organic contaminants. Pesticides are among the most widely studied compounds in groundwater, but little information is available on the presence of phthalates, alkylphenols and bisphenol A. These compounds are used in pesticide formulations and represent an emerging family of contaminants due to their widespread environmental presence and endocrine-disrupting properties. Knowledge on the occurrence of contaminants in source waters intended for bottling is important for sanitary and regulatory purposes. So the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of phthalates, alkylphenols, triazines, chloroacetamides and bisphenol A throughout 131 Spanish water sources intended for bottling. Waters studied were spring waters and boreholes which have a protection diameter to minimize environmental contamination.Materials and methods
Waters were solid-phase extracted (SPE) and analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quality control analysis comprising recovery studies, blank analysis and limits of detection were performed.Results and discussion
Using SPE and GC-MS, the 21 target compounds were satisfactorily recovered (77?C124?%) and limits of quantification were between 0.0004 and 0.029???g/L for pesticides, while for alkylphenols, bisphenol A and phthalates the limits of quantification were from 0.0018???g/L for octylphenol to 0.970???g/L for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Among the 21 compounds analysed, only 9 were detected at levels between 0.002 and 1.115???g/L. Compounds identified were triazine herbicides, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and two phthalates. Spring waters or shallow boreholes were the sites more vulnerable to contaminants. Eighty-five percent of the samples did not contain any of the target compounds.Conclusions
Target compounds were detected in a very low concentration and only in very few samples. This indicates the good quality of source waters intended for bottling and the effectiveness of the protection measures adopted in Spain. None of the samples analysed exceeded the maximum legislated levels for drinking water both in Spain and in the European Union. 相似文献3.
Lavado R Ureña R Martin-Skilton R Torreblanca A Del Ramo J Raldúa D Porte C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,139(2):330-339
Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and barbel (Barbus graellsii) were collected from five sites along the Ebro River. The study was designed to assess levels of persistent organic pollutants and metals bioaccumulated by fish, and some biochemical responses (cytochrome P450 system, phase II activities, and metallothioneins) against those pollutants. The highest levels of PCBs and DDTs were detected in carp from industrialised areas, which also showed high levels of mercury and cadmium in the liver, and high levels of nonylphenol in bile. Significant alterations in some biochemical markers were observed and associated to combined exposure to pollutants. The activity 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase ranged from 69 pmol/min/mg protein in carp from the reference site to 415 pmol/min/mg protein in those from polluted sites. Carp from the Ebro Delta, an agricultural area, had depressed acetylcholinesterase in muscle tissue. Metallothionein concentrations were positively correlated with copper residues, but no significant differences among sampling points were observed. 相似文献
4.
A survey of the degree of imposex in populations of the commercial muricid Bolinus brandaris (L.) was carried out at six locations along the Catalan Coast (NW Mediterranean). Imposex was found to be a widespread phenomenon; the occurrence of a penis was observed in all females studied with the exception of those from St. Carles (South of Catalunya) where only 37% were affected. Other indices such as Relative Penis Length (RPL) and Vas Deferens Sequence (VDS) were applied; RPL varied from 4.5% in St. Carles--the least affected area--to 29.8% in the vicinity of Barcelona; similar results were obtained for VDS. Tissue organotin residues ranged from 6 to 140 ng g(-1) w.w. as Sn. Despite legislation restricting the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paints, this paper evidences the occurrence of organotin pollution far from the source, with levels of both TBT and triphenyltin (TPhT) high enough to cause environmental concern. 相似文献
5.
Assessment of organotin pollution along the Polish coast (Baltic Sea) by using mussels and fish as sentinel organisms 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Levels of tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products, mono- (MBT) and dibutyltin (DBT), as well as triphenyltin (TPT), were monitored in 10 stations along the Polish coast (Baltic Sea). Mussel-Mytilus edulis-and fish-Platichthys flesus-were used as sentinel organisms. The bioaccumulation patterns of butyltin and phenyltin compounds varied substantially. Butyltins were detected in mussel tissue from all the sampled stations. Among them, organisms from the Gulf of Gdansk showed the highest residues (68 ng/g w.w. as Sn) in conjunction with elevated TBT/DBT ratios, which suggest recent inputs of TBT in the area. Additionally, flatfish were sampled in the Gulf of Gdansk, and different tissues (liver, digestive tube and gills) were analyzed separately. TPT, although undetected in mussels, was always present in fish. The highest organotin concentration was observed in the liver (369 ng/g w.w. as Sn) of fish caught near Gdansk port. Relatively high concentrations were observed in digestive tube, which points out the ingestion of organotin contaminated food as an important uptake route of those compounds in P. flesus. 相似文献
6.
Eggs of the Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus) were collected from a breeding area on Lake Maggiore (Northern Italy) from 2001 to 2005 in the vicinity of a p,p'-DDT manufacturer, whose production was stopped in 1996. DDT homologue and PCB congener levels were determined and compared to levels in eggs collected from other breeding areas on Lake Maggiore and in a presumably less contaminated area on Lake Garda. Although Lake Garda eggs on average possessed a lower level of p,p'-DDE than Lake Maggiore eggs, they had significantly higher levels of PCBs and could not be used as a reference population for the measurement of eggshell thickness. Nevertheless, a negative linear relationship was found between p,p'-DDE concentration and eggshell thickness for eggs collected from both lakes, indicating a possible causal relationship. Testosterone and 17beta-estradiol concentrations were also determined for eggs collected from both lakes in 2004. Average concentrations of both hormones were the lowest in eggs from Lake Maggiore; however, the very high variability within broods did not result in any significant difference between the lakes. 相似文献
7.
Evidence of endocrine disruption in clams--Ruditapes decussata--transplanted to a tributyltin-polluted environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Clams--Ruditapes decussata--were transplanted to an organotin-polluted marina for a period up to 5 weeks. Tributyltin (TBT) was the major organotin compound detected in clams; TBT accumulation was extremely rapid, it reached a maximum tissue concentration of 290 ng/g wet weight 3 weeks after transplant, which represents a bioaccumulation factor of 12,000. Dibutyltin, monobutyltin and triphenyltin were also detected, although at a lesser extent (4-22 ng/g wet wt). Investigations on endogenous steroid content by radioimmunoassay revealed important changes in TBT-exposed clams. A 33% increase in testosterone titres was observed 5 weeks after transplant. Likewise, a time-dependent decrease in oestradiol levels was evidenced, viz. oestradiol titres decreased 2, 3.5 and 5-fold in clams sampled 1, 3 and 5 weeks after transplant, respectively. These observations together with previous data on TBT-exposure experiments suggest a potential masculinization of clam physiology as a consequence of TBT exposure. 相似文献
8.
Damásio JB Barata C Munné A Ginebreda A Guasch H Sabater S Caixach J Porte C 《Chemosphere》2007,66(7):1206-1216
Three biomarkers of hydrocarbon exposure, liver 7-ethoxyresourfin-O-deethylase activity (EROD), fluorescent hydrocarbon compounds (FACs) in bilis, and the liver antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) were examined in the autochthonous fish species Barbus meridionalis collected in the river Fluvià (NE Catalunya, Spain) after an oil spillage. Four different locations were sampled, including the impacted site, upstream and downstream sites and a reference site. Biomarker responses were compared with diatom and macroinvertebrate community assemblage metrics (Specific Pollution Sensitivity index - IPS, and Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party - IBMWP, respectively). Chemical analyses denoted that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in sediment were much higher at the impacted site than in downstream reaches. Four fold increase of EROD activity together with increased levels of biliary FACs in barbs collected at the spilled site indicated exposure of inhabiting fish to the oil. Additionally, CAT activity was significantly depressed (four fold) when compared to other stations, thus suggesting that fish collected from the impacted sites could be more susceptible to suffer oxidative stress. Biological indices (particularly that of the diatom community IPS) showed slight significant effects between control and impacted sites, indicating that more tolerant taxa were favoured because of the oil spillage. These results support the need to include biochemical responses measured in local species in monitoring programmes aimed to diagnose specific pollution effects in stressed river ecosystems. 相似文献
9.
Martin-Skilton R Lavado R Thibaut R Minier C Porte C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,141(1):60-68
Red mullet (Mullus barbatus) were collected from different sampling sites (NW Mediterranean) in spring and autumn, with the aim of assessing potential alterations of the endocrine system. Alkylphenols were measured in fish bile as an indicator of estrogenic exposure. Key enzymatic activities involved in both synthesis (ovarian 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and P450 aromatase) and metabolism of steroids were assessed together with histological alterations of the gonads. During the spring sampling, delayed gamete maturation, intersexuality, fibrosis, and depressed ovarian P450 aromatase activity were observed in organisms from the most polluted sites. During the autumn sampling, those effects were less evident, indicating that fish might be more susceptible to endocrine disrupting chemicals during the reproductive period. Nonetheless, enhanced glucuronidation of testosterone and estradiol was observed. Overall, this work provides first evidences of significant alterations in the endocrine system of red mullet from highly impacted areas in the NW Mediterranean. 相似文献
10.
Alice Barbaglio Daniela Mozzi Michela Sugni Paolo Tremolada Francesco Bonasoro Ramon Lavado Cinta Porte M. Daniela Candia Carnevali 《Marine Biology》2006,149(1):65-77
Regenerative phenomena reproduce developmental processes in adult organisms and are regulated by neuro-endocrine mechanisms.
They can therefore provide sensitive tests for monitoring the effects of exposure to endocrine disrupter contaminants (EDs)
which can be bioaccumulated by the organisms causing dysfunctions in steroid hormone metabolism and activities and affecting
reproduction and development. Echinoderms are prime candidates for this new ecotoxicological approach, since (1) they offer
unique models to study physiological regenerative processes and (2) in echinoderms vertebrate-type steroids can be synthesized
and used as terminal hormones along the neuro-endocrine cascades regulating reproductive, growth and developmental processes.
We are currently exploring the effects on the regenerative potential of echinoderms of different classes of compounds that
are well known to have ED activity. The present paper focuses on the possible effects of well-known compounds with suspected
androgenic activity such as TPT-Cl (Triphenyltin-chloride) and Fenarimol [(±)-2,4-dichloro-α-(pyrimidin-5-yl) benzhydryl alcohol].
The selected test-species is the crinoid Antedon mediterranea, a tractable and sensitive benthic filter-feeding species which represents a valuable experimental model for investigation
on the regenerative process from the macroscopic to the molecular level. The present investigation employs an integrated approach
which combines exposure experiments and biological analysis utilizing microscopy, immunocytochemistry and biochemistry. The
experiments were carried out on experimentally induced arm regenerations in semistatic controlled conditions with exposure
concentrations comparable to those of moderately polluted coastal zones. The bulk of results obtained so far provide indications
of significant sublethal effects from exposure to TPT-Cl and Fenarimol and mechanisms of toxicity related to developmental
physiology, which are associated with variations in steroid levels in the animal tissues. The results indicate that these
two substances (1) affect growth and development by interfering with the same basic cellular mechanisms of regeneration, such
as cell proliferation, migration and differentiation/dedifferentiation, which are possibly controlled by steroid hormones;
and (2) can induce a number of significant modifications in the timing, modalities and pattern of arm regeneration, which
may involve the activation of cell mechanisms related to steroid synthesis/metabolism.
Physical and Chemical Impacts on Marine Organisms, a Bilateral Seminar Italy-Japan held in November 2004 相似文献