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Manuelle Cottin Ben Raymond Akiko Kato Fran?oise Amélineau Yvon Le Maho Thierry Raclot Ben Galton-Fenzi Andrew Meijers Yan Ropert-Coudert 《Marine Biology》2012,159(8):1843-1852
Knowledge of habitat use by top marine predators in response to environmental conditions is crucial in the current context of global changes occurring in the Southern Ocean. We examined the at-sea locations of male Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding at Dumont d’Urville during their first, long incubation trip. Compared with the chick-rearing period, penguins performed longer trips, going to oceanic waters as far as 320 km from the colony. We observed 3 strategies: (1) five individuals covered large distances to the north, targeting open-ocean areas and following the currents of two persistent eddies; (2) five individuals foraged to the north-west, close to the Antarctic shelf slope at the limit of the pack ice; and (3) three individuals covered much shorter distances (northwards or eastwards). The foraging range also seemed to be limited by the body condition of the penguins before their departure to sea. 相似文献
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Removal of PAHs from laboratory columns simulating the humus upper layer of vertical flow constructed wetlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs (fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo(k)fluoranthene) from two types of PAH-contaminated effluents was investigated using four laboratory columns filled with two different organic media: a green compost and a layer coming from the first stage of vertical flow constructed wetlands. Synthetic runoff polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were fed through the columns during a period of two months. After a period of hydrodynamic stabilisation, the results showed a great adsorption of PAHs (>95%) on the solid media due to their large adsorption capacities. Leaching of these compounds by water was monitored. The concentrations of PAHs in leaching samples indicated that PAHs were strongly adsorbed on organic substrates and that lixiviation was limited. Fluoranthene metabolites were also investigated. Accumulation of metabolites was transitory and located in the first few cm of the media, as was observed for PAH concentrations. A toxicity test of leachates based on the inhibition of the bioluminescence of luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri indicated a low inhibition which can be enhanced by metal traces. 相似文献
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Delphine Cottin Damien Roussel Natacha Foucreau Frédéric Hervant Christophe Piscart 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):259-264
In the global warming context, we compared the thermal tolerance of several populations of the crustacean Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) along a latitudinal thermal gradient in the Rh?ne Valley. To disentangle the effect of regional (North
vs. South) and local (site-specific) factors, the ecophysiological responses of populations were investigated at two levels
of biological organisation: whole organism level considering body size [critical thermal maximum (CTmax), mean speed of locomotion
(MS), time mobile (TM)] and organelle function level [mitochondrial respiratory control ratios (RCRs)]. CTmax and RCRs, but
not MS and TM, revealed a significantly higher thermal tolerance in southern populations compared to northern ones. Nevertheless,
temperatures ≥ 30°C were deleterious for all populations, suggesting that populations located in the warmer limit of the species
distribution will be more threatened by climate change as they live closer to their upper thermal limits. The strong differences
observed between populations indicate that the species-level thermal tolerance used in predictive models may not be informative
enough to study the impact of global warming on species distributions. This work also reveals that an appropriate choice of
indicators is essential to study the consequences of global warming since the response of organisms at the whole body level
can be influenced by local conditions. 相似文献
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