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The dugong is classified as vulnerable to extinction by the World Conservation Union on the basis of declines in area or extent
of occupancy, habitat quality, and actual or potential levels of exploitation. In Thailand, the largest groups of dugongs
are found near islands off the Andaman coast. The authors conducted a 2-year project that included dugong population and habitat
assessment as well as interviews with local fishers. The results indicate declining populations of dugongs. The largest threat
to dugongs is incidental catch in fishing nets. The numbers of deaths reported place the dugong population along the Andaman
Sea in danger of extirpation. Other threats include seagrass destruction both from fishing and coastal development and the
use of dugong parts for medicinal purposes. Villagers still show strong ties with dugongs, and the majority favor establishing
more large protected areas for the species. These should arise from an integrated national dugong and seagrass conservation
strategy formulated by concerned stakeholders from government, nongovernmental organizations, scientists, and local communities.
The strategy needs to be both top down and bottom up in its formation to balance existing and potential uses as well as conflicts
between artisanal and commercial fishers. The strategy should include the development of educational materials and enforceable
regulations, as well as the designation of community-protected seagrass beds and a system of dugong sanctuaries along the
Andaman coast. An integrated management plan is needed urgently, with the continued input of concerned scientists, to monitor
and increase knowledge of dugong behavior and distribution. 相似文献
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