焦作朱村矿矸石山周围土壤重金属污染特征分析

经对朱村矿矸石山周围的表层土壤污染状况进行调查和监测分析，总结出Cd、Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu等重金属元素在矸石堆周围土壤中的分布状况和变化规律。研究表明：焦作朱村矿矸石山周围土壤无Cr污染；受Cd污染不明显；Cu污染程度较轻；Pb的污染受交通影响波动较大；Zn污染较重，其污染浓度与矸石堆距离呈非线性负相关关系：     

Effect of Small‐Scale Heterogeneity of Prey and Hunter Distributions on the Sustainability of Bushmeat Hunting

Abstract: Bushmeat is the main source of protein and the most important source of income for rural people in the Congo Basin, but intensive hunting of bushmeat species is also a major concern for conservationists. Although spatial heterogeneity in hunting effort and in prey populations at the landscape level plays a key role in the sustainability of hunted populations, the role of small‐scale heterogeneity within a village hunting territory in the sustainability of hunting has remained understudied. We built a spatially explicit multiagent model to capture the dynamics of a system in which hunters and preys interact within a village hunting territory. We examined the case of hunting of bay duikers (Cephalophus dorsalis) in the village of Ntsiété, northeastern Gabon. The impact of hunting on prey populations depended on the spatial heterogeneity of hunting and prey distribution at small scales within a hunting area. Within a village territory, the existence of areas hunted throughout the year, areas hunted only during certain seasons, and unhunted areas contributed to the sustainability of the system. Prey abundance and offtake per hunter were particularly sensitive to the frequency and length of hunting sessions and to the number of hunters sharing an area. Some biological parameters of the prey species, such as dispersal rate and territory size, determined their spatial distribution in a hunting area, which in turn influenced the sustainability of hunting. Detailed knowledge of species ecology and behavior, and of hunting practices are crucial to understanding the distribution of potential sinks and sources in space and time. Given the recognized failure of simple biological models to assess maximum sustainable yields, multiagent models provide an innovative path toward new approaches for the assessment of hunting sustainability, provided further research is conducted to increase knowledge of prey species’ and hunter behavior.     

Managing Water Supply Operations in the Caribbean

This paper describes the characteristics and problems of water resources and water supply systems in the United States Virgin Islands and indicates the ways in which those are shared by other small islands of the Caribbean and West Atlantic. The history of development of the water supply, including groundwater, desalination and barging, is described as well as supply and demand factors and management of the system. Institutional issues are discussed and the applicability of Virgin Island experience to other islands is analyzed. Cet article décrit les caractéristiques et les problèmes des ressources aquifères et des réseaux de distribution d'eau dans les Iles Vierges américaines. II montre la façon dont les autres petites Iles des Caraibes et de l'Atlantique occidental partagent ces ressources et réseaux de distribution. L'article fait l'historique de l'approvisionnement en eau, y compris les eaux souterraines et décrit la dessalinisation et le transport par barges. II étudie également l'offre et la demande et les problèmes de gestion. II examine les questions institutionnelles et analyse la manière dont l'expérience des Iles Vierges peut ětre appliquée aux autres ǐles. Este artículo describe las características y los problemas del suministro y recursos de agua en las Islas Virgenes (USA) e indica como los mismos problemas se encuentran en otras pequenas islas del Caribe y el Atlántico Oriental. El articulo cubre el desarrollo histórico del suminstro de agua, incluyendo agua subterranea, desalinización y transporte marítimo de agua, y analiza los aspectos de la oferta y la demanda de agua y la administración de los sistemas de suministro. Se discute también los aspectos institucionales y la posible aplicación de la experiencia ganada en otras áreas geográficas.