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1.
Physical shelter features (e.g. shape, size and substrate slope) were tested in the laboratory to evaluate the preferences
of juveniles of European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas. Tethering experiments to assess whether substrate slope affects the vulnerability of juveniles to predation were also performed.
Our results showed that: (1) semi-circular dens were significantly preferred over square and circular shapes; (2) when not
disturbed by a predator, lobsters sheltered in holes with a diameter closely related to their own size, while in the presence
of a potential predator lobsters showed no significant preference for a particular shelter size; (3) lobsters significantly
preferred dens excavated on sub-vertical (35°) substrates over those excavated on vertical ones (90°); (4) individual lobsters
tethered on vertical substrates were subject to greater predation activity than those tethered on horizontal structures. In
conclusion, the present study contributes to the understanding of how physical properties of shelters affect the choice of
P. elephas juveniles, enhancing their protection and survival rate. 相似文献
2.
Massimiliano Agovino Maria Ferrara Antonio Garofalo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(6):2297-2316
With the recommendation of the EU environmental policies, the separate waste collection issue has become more and more an object of public concern. Nevertheless, Italy’s waste management performances need further assessment processes. Until recently, some areas, especially in the South, have experienced serious waste management crises, mainly due to low rates of separate waste collection (less than 10 % of solid waste generated). The aim of this paper is to analyse the driving factors that influence the separate waste collection. Relatively to the Italian provinces in the year 2011, the analysis consists of two steps. In the first step, we characterize different institutional and socio-economic contexts through a multidimensional scaling analysis. In the second step, we provide evidence about the presence of subsets among Italian provinces using cluster analysis. Results show that contexts featuring high institutional quality promote the separate collection process. Differently, tourism-oriented environments characterized by low institutional quality don’t produce positive effects on the recycling process. 相似文献
3.
M. Gristina M. Sinopoli F. Fiorentino G. Garofalo F. Badalamenti 《Marine Biology》2011,158(6):1331-1337
The skill of recognizing and reacting to predators is often based on a learned component. Few studies have examined the role
of learning in spiny lobster anti-predator behavior. We investigated whether European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) shelter selection is influenced by olfactory stimuli released by one of the most common lobster predators, the common octopus
(Octopus vulgaris), and whether the behavioral response to octopus chemical stimuli is innate or influenced by experience. In experimental
arenas, we conditioned wild-caught lobsters with three levels of predation threat: no threat, with no predator–prey interaction;
medium threat, with odor and visual predator cues only; high threat, active predation risk. We subsequently tested the shelter
choice of the conditioned lobster under different experimental conditions: (1) shelter plus seawater; (2) shelter plus seawater
plus chemical octopus cue. Our results showed significant differences in mean shelter occupancy with conditioning level. We
conclude that P. elephas individuals use chemosensory systems in predator-avoidance mechanisms. Moreover, lobsters subject to a training period of
high-level predation threat were able to learn the octopus chemical stimuli and treat its odor as a cue related to predation
risk. The findings relative to the spiny lobster learning abilities could be an important tool for future management of lobster
populations, e.g., by re-introduction of reared juveniles, which have not yet experienced predation. 相似文献
4.
Luisa Garofalo Toni Mingozzi Annunziata Micò Andrea Novelletto 《Marine Biology》2009,156(10):2085-2095
We re-sequenced 815 bp of the mtDNA of loggerhead turtles from a population nesting in Calabria (southern Italy), which was
found recently. Non-invasive sampling was applied and information on deposition date and place was used to avoid possible
resampling of nesting females. Among 38 nests laid by independent females, we found the common haplotype CC-A2.1 (57.9%) and
two other haplotypes which have never been described in Mediterranean nesting grounds, CC-A20.1 (36.8%) and CC-A31.1 (5.3%).
Calabria harbors the highest intra-population diversity among 11 Mediterranean nesting populations. Our findings narrow the
gap between haplotypes recorded in feeding grounds and those found in nesting grounds. Analyses of population structure show
a strong maternal isolation, with Calabria and east Turkey displaying far more diversity than expected considering their census
size. These observations suggest that recurrent female founder effects from sources yet to be identified in the Atlantic or
in the Mediterranean may have shaped the pattern of mtDNA diversity in this latter basin. Our results provide evidence that
the Ionian Calabrian sites should be protected because of the high diversity found there.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
5.
Ferraro Aniello Garofalo Antonio Marchesano Katia 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2023,30(1):81-101
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - The study analyses the economic and environmental performance of the 353 municipalities in the region of Campania in waste disposal and collection... 相似文献
6.
7.
Tassi Franco Garofalo Paolo S. Turchetti Filippo De Santis Davide Capecchiacci Francesco Vaselli Orlando Cabassi Jacopo Venturi Stefania Vannini Stefano 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1925-1948
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study focuses on the geochemical features of the presently discharging thermal and cold springs and on paleofluids from the upstream portion of the Reno... 相似文献
8.
Renzo D'Amelio Claudio Giorlandino MD Liana Masala Massimo Garofalo Monica Martinelli Giuseppe Anelli Lucio Zichella 《黑龙江环境通报》1991,11(2):69-75
The authors compare the diagnostic possibilities of fetal transabdominal echocardiography versus transvaginal echocardiography. A larger diagnostic capacity is verified in different gestation ages with transvaginal probe between the 11th and 14th week of gestation. The results are emphasized by colour Doppler. 相似文献
9.
Gasper A. Garofalo Michael S. Fogarty 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1983,10(4):383-387
The net agglomeration and disamenities approaches to the measurement of agglomeration economies are merged. The net agglomeration view is represented by a labor demand function derived from Segal (D. Segal, Rev. Econ. Stat. 48, 339–350 (1976)). The disamenities view is represented by an upward-sloping labor supply function derived from Izraeli (O. Izraeli, Urban Stud. 14, 275–290 (1977)). Three cases are simulated. Case I is the benchmark case and assumes a linear homogeneous production function, no agglomeration economies, and no perceived environmental quality differences between cities. Cases II and III combine Segal and Izraeli by introducing agglomeration economies, an upward-sloping labor supply function, and a change in the level of air pollution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the output of market goods and environmental goods within a common framework. 相似文献
10.
Massimiliano Agovino Antonio Garofalo Angela Mariani 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(9):1487-1510
Separate waste collection in Italy comes under the responsibility of local authorities, provinces, while national laws set quantitative targets to be achieved over time. Overall, just a few provinces have reached the thresholds set by the latest law (Legislative Decree 152/2006) and some territorial differentiation has been detected. The aim of this paper is twofold: to verify the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 in promoting higher levels of separate collection and to test whether institutional quality (considering the following indicators: voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law and corruption) affects provinces’ efficiency in the separate collection process. For this purpose, we implement the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Results suggest that the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 has been affected by provinces’ institutional quality. In particular, the presence of institutional constraints did not allow the most virtuous provinces to achieve the targets set by law. 相似文献