消防员职业健康测试项目的研究

本文从医学测试、体质测试和心理测试三个方面论述了消防员职业健康测试项目研究的重要性,以促进我国消防员职业健康研究水平的提高。     

交联壳聚糖对铀的吸附研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)为原料,在碱性条件下用环氧氯丙烷对壳聚糖进行化学改性,制得不溶水的交联壳聚糖(CCTS)。利用CCTS吸附铀(UO22+),探讨吸附动力学规律以及初始浓度,pH值的影响。实验结果表明,CCTS对UO22+的吸附符合Langmu ir吸附等温模型,并能用准二级速率方程对吸附动力学加以描述。当在CCTS为10 mg,pH为3,UO22+初始浓度为50μg/mL条件下,CCTS对UO22+的吸附去除率为98%以上。     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)经口染毒对C57BL/6小鼠脾脏T细胞亚群CD4+/CD8+的影响

采用每天一次经口灌胃染毒的方法,探讨了全氟辛烷磺酸(Perfluorooctane sulfonate,PFOS)经口重复剂量染毒对C57BL/6小鼠脾脏T细胞亚群CIM+和CD8+的影响.选择雄性C57BL/6小鼠24只,实验组PFOS染毒剂量分别为5、10、20mg·kg-1(bw).每天一次经口灌胃染毒12d后,制备脾脏T淋巴细胞悬液,经特异性荧光标记的CD3(FITC)、CIM(PE)、CD8(PERCP)单克隆抗体作用后,采用FACS流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞及其亚群百分数.结果表明,10 mg·kg-1(bw)和20 mg·kg-1(bW)PFOS染毒组小鼠体重呈明显的下降趋势;20 mg·kg-1(bw)PFOS染毒组小鼠胸腺和脾脏指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而各剂量组小鼠肝脏指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).PFOS染毒20mg·kg-1(bw)实验组CD3+CD4+与CD3+CD8+T细胞的绝对计数和百分比均显著低于对照组(p<0.01).研究结果显示,PFOS暴露可降低小鼠免疫器官中CD4+、CD8+T细胞的含量,表明PFOS可抑制小鼠的细胞免疫水平.     

脂肽类生物表面活性剂液体发酵条件的响应面优化

通过Plackett-Burman和Box-Behnken实验对解淀粉芽孢杆菌XZ-173液体发酵生产表面活性素进行了响应面优化研究。首先使用Plackett-Burman实验对影响表面活性素产量的17个因素进行显著性筛选,结果表明,MnSO4、CuSO4、温度和转速为显著性因素。再运用Box-Behnken实验对这4个显著因素的取值进一步优化,得到各因素优化后的数值分别为4.4 mg/L(MnSO4)、0.18 mg/L(CuSO4)、29℃(温度)和163 r/min(转速)。响应面分析结果表明:该菌株产生表面活性素的最佳培养基为:葡萄糖15 g/L,蛋白胨5 g/L,L-谷氨酸钠6 g/L,KH2PO40.8 g/L,MgSO40.4 g/L,KCl 0.4 g/L,酵母提取物3 g/L,L-苯丙氨酸2.5 mg/L,MnSO44.4 mg/L,CuSO40.18 mg/L,FeSO40.12 mg/L;最适培养条件:pH 7.5,温度29℃,转速163 r/min,接种量5%,装液量50 mL/250 mL,摇床培养36 h。在优化后的条件下,表面活性素实际产量为336 mg/L,实际实验结果与模型预测结果相一致。表面活性素采用HPLC技术分离,发现其在浓度仅为50 mg/L时EI24就可达到70%以上,反映了表面活性素优异的乳化活性以及广阔的应用前景。     

CdS and Ag synergistically improved the performance of g-C3N4 on visible-light photocatalytic degradation of pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - CdS-AgO@g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized by XRD, N2 physical adsorption, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, and UV–Vis DRS...     

Geochemical processes of mercury in Wujiangdu and Dongfeng reservoirs, Guizhou, China

The geochemical processes of mercury in Dongfeng (DF) and Wujiangdu (WJD) reservoirs, which were constructed in 1992 and 1979, respectively in Wujiang River, which is the upper branch of Yangtze River were investigated. One sampling site was chosen upriver of 1 km from the dam for each reservoir. Three sampling campaigns were conducted at these sampling sites in December 2003, April 2004 and July 2004, respectively. The distributions of different mercury species in the water column, sediment, and sediment pore water were studied. We found that the sediment is the net source of both inorganic and MeHg to the water column for both reservoirs. The MeHg diffusion fluxes in WJD reservoir at all sampling campaigns were significantly higher than those in DF reservoir. Our study demonstrated that the high primary productivity in the reservoir produced elevated organic matter content that would favor the methylmercury production in sediment.     

NaCl对好氧颗粒污泥短程硝化反硝化的影响

利用SBR(序批式反应器)研究了不同ρ(NaCl)、曝气时间、ρ(COD_Cr)、进水ρ(NH₄+-N)对AGS(好氧颗粒污泥)短程硝化反硝化的影响. 结果表明,在pH、温度和ρ(DO)为8.0、30 ℃和3 mg/L条件下,以及ρ(NaCl)、曝气时间、ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(NH₄+-N)为20 g/L、8 h、600 mg/L和70 mg/L时,η_A(NH₄+-N去除率)和NAR(NO₂--N积累率)达到最佳. 当进水ρ(NaCl)为10 g/L时,NOB(亚硝酸盐氧化菌)被完全抑制,AOB(氨氧化菌)能够保持正常活性. ρ(COD_Cr)较高时能够促进NAR的提高. 经过116 d的培养,AGS短程硝化反硝化的耐盐极限为50 g/L,此时η_A小于50%,AOB被严重抑制,AGS丧失硝化能力. AGS的同步硝化反硝化作用明显,SND(同步硝化反硝化率)平均值为24.2%,SNDV(同步硝化反硝化比速率)平均值为0.63 h-1,低ρ(DO)比高ρ(DO)下的SND同步硝化反硝化作用更为明显.      

Probing the distribution and contamination levels of 10 trace metal/metalloids in soils near a Pb/Zn smelter in Middle China

The horizontal and vertical distribution patterns and contamination status of ten trace metal/metalloids (Ag, Bi, Co, Cr, Ge, In, Ni, Sb, Sn, Tl) in soils around one of the largest Chinese Pb–Zn smelter in Zhuzhou City, Central China, were revealed. Different soil samples were collected from 11 areas, including ten agricultural areas and one city park area, with a total of 83 surface soil samples and six soil cores obtained. Trace metal/metalloids were determined by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry after digestion by an acid mixture of HF and HNO₃. The results showed that Ag, Bi, In, Sb, Sn, and Tl contents decreased both with the distance to the Pb–Zn smelter as well as the soil depth, hinting that these elements were mainly originated from the Pb–Zn smelting operations and were introduced into soils through atmospheric deposition. Soil Ge was influenced by the smelter at a less extent, while the distributions of Co, Cr, and Ni were roughly even among most sampling sites and soil depths, suggesting that they were primarily derived from natural sources. The contamination status, as revealed by the geo-accumulation index (I _geo), indicated that In and Ag were the most enriched elements, followed by Sb, Bi, and Sn. In general, Cr, Tl, Co, Ni, and Ge were of an uncontaminated status.     

湖南省湘江流域环境污染的安全性研究

文章从水质、底泥、两岸土壤和植物以及两岸人群患病率分析了湖南省湘江流域的环境污染情况,结果表明湖南省湘江流域的污染较为严重。分析认为历史污染物排放,地质原因,矿山开采,植被变迁以及蚋污能力变小是导致湘江污染的主要原因。最后提出了污染治理的相关措施。     

用若干固体废弃物改良土壤的可行性研究

合理利用粉煤灰、水库淤积物和污泥三种废弃物对保护环境有重要意义。选择干旱半干旱地区 ,联合施用上述三种废物进行土壤改良 ,兼有建设生态环境的作用。盆栽试验结果表明 :粉煤灰、水库淤积物、污泥按适当比例配合施用 ,对改良贫瘠土壤、促进植物生长有明显效果。