铝系混凝剂优势形态分析及其混凝特性

聚合氯化铝（PACl）是常用的水处理混凝剂,在应用过程中通常表现出比传统铝盐更为优异的效果.研究表明,这种优异性能主要得益于其特殊的组成,特别是高分子聚合物Al₁₃和Al₃₀独特的物化特性.Al₁₃和Al₃₀是铝离子水解过程中的中间产物,在地球科学和环境化学等领域有着重要的研究价值.于水处理而言,二者的结构和分子特性是研究者关注的重点,大量研究基于此展开,很多重要的发现为实际应用奠定了基础.基于对PACl及其组成性质的研究,本文对PACl的混凝特性及其优势形态分子的分析进行了综合阐述.     

Concentrations and chemical compositions of PM10 during hazy and non-hazy days in Beijing

In order to study the concentrations of major components,characteristics and comparison in hazy and non-hazy days of PM_(10) in Beijing,aerosol samples were collected at urban site in Beijing from December 29,2014 to January 22,2015.Heavy metals like Zn,Pb,Mn,Cu,As,V,Cr and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effects on human being;nine water-soluble inorganic ions(SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,NH_4~+,Na~+,K~+,Cl~-,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+)) and carbon fractions(OC and EC) were also analyzed.The concentrations of heavy metals were 1.03–1.98 times higher in hazy days than those in non-hazy days,mainly due to biomass burning and coal burning.The trends in total heavy metals concentrations were basically consistent with the trends in PM concentrations except for two obvious periods(12.29–12.30;1.14–1.15);but when air masses accumulated locally or around Beijing,trends in PM concentrations and heavy metals were opposite.The proportion for NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) indicated that mobile sources such as automobiles were important reasons for haze in Beijing.Correlation between OC and EC during non-hazy days was strong(R~2= 0.95) but it was low(R~2= 0.67) during hazy days,and large variations for OC/EC values occurred in hazy days.The calculated mass concentration of SOC is 2.58 μg/m~3,which only accounted for 10.1% of the OC concentration.When air masses from the far north-west,they decreased PM concentration in Beijing and they were relatively clean;however,those from the near east,south-east and south of the mainland increased PM concentration and they were dirty.     

煤炭燃烧排砷水平与控制技术研究

煤炭是我国目前的主要一次能源之一,燃煤中的重金属污染愈来愈受到重视,如何控制煤炭中砷向环境中扩散,减轻环境污染是近年来重要的研究课题.通过开展对铁法煤业集团内部高砷煤和低砷煤的动力配煤燃烧试验,分析动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移水平,研究铁法煤业集团内部动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移规律和动力配煤降砷的可行性,并为开展最佳动力配煤操作数据提供理论依据,为高砷煤燃烧控制砷的排放寻找治理途径,提高煤炭资源的最大利用效率.     

黑索金废水的处理

以球形活性炭为吸附剂，用吸附法处理黑索金（ＲＤＸ）废水，出水能够达到国家排放标准，球形活性炭的动态饱和吸附量为０．１２３－０．１４０ｇ／ｇ，吸附带长为２ｍ。吸附饱和的球形活性炭，可用碱液以复再生。笔者还提出了数学模型，导出了处理实验数据公式，此公式可推广应用于同类吸附实验数据处理。     

Experimental and simulated evaluations of airborne contaminant exposure in a room with a modified localized laminar airflow system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The traditional mixing ventilation is not an energy effective approach to remove indoor air pollutants, maintain breath zone air quality, and control...     

城镇污泥蚯蚓堆肥硝化进程及其影响因素

硝化是城镇污泥蚯蚓堆肥稳定化的最后一个阶段,研究硝化进程及其影响因素对减少蚯蚓堆肥过程中的NH_4~+积累、氮素损失和加快蚯蚓堆肥稳定化过程具有重要意义.文章考察了蚯蚓生物量、环境温度以及好氧条件对蚯蚓堆肥NH_4~+、NO_3~-变化的影响.结果发现,蚯蚓生物量对NH_4~+、NO_3~-含量变化影响较大,并存在显著的跃变特点,即当蚯蚓生物量超过一定数量时,会显著加快氨化和硝化速率.环境温度显著影响堆肥氨化作用,影响大小顺序为25℃20℃15℃;环境温度仅对蚯蚓堆肥硝化速率产生影响,但不改变堆肥的硝化进程.蚯蚓堆肥好氧条件对硝化影响大于对氨化的影响,好氧条件优劣不但影响硝化进程还影响硝化速率,氧环境条件好的蚯蚓堆肥硝化进程启动早,硝化速率高.     

云南省自然灾害成因探讨及减灾对策

本文在分析云南40年自然灾害灾情及其形成和发生环境背景的基础上,预测了未来10年云南灾害发展趋势,提出了在云南实现防灾减灾的战略措施。     

黑龙江省新能源发展面临问题的思考

通过对黑龙江省新能源的资源状况、发展现状的介绍和阐述,指出了我省新能源发展面临的主要问题,提出了促进我省新能源产业发展的保障措施。     

Estimation and inter-comparison of dust aerosols based on MODIS, MISR and AERONET retrievals over Asian desert regions

This study presents detailed analysis of spatiotemporal variations and trend of dust optical properties i.e., Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD) and Angstrom component over Asian desert regions using thirteen years of data(i.e., 2001–2013) retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR). These regions include Solar Village, Dunhuang and Dalangzadgad and are considered as origin of desert aerosols in Asia. Mann–Kendall trend test was used to show the trend of AOD. The relationship of AOD with weather parameters and general AOD trend over different wavelengths has also been shown. AOD's trend has been observed significant throughout the year in Solar Village, while in Dunhuang and Dalanzadgad the significant trend has been found only in peak period(March–June).Analysis show high values of AOD and low values of angstrom in Solar Village during peak period. In Chinese desert regions, high values of AOD have been found during peak period and low values in pre-peak period. Significant relationship has been observed between AOD and average temperature in Solar Village and Dalanzadgad whereas rainfall and wind speed showed no significant impact on AOD in all desert regions.     

城市生态环境质量评价方法探讨

文章采用综合指数法评价城市生态环境质量,首先确定选择评价指标的原则,然后确定评价指标及其权重,并根据评价指标的指数值计算城市生态环境质量综合指数值,再根据城市生态环境质量综合指数值确定城市生态环境的状态。