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The humanitarian common logistic operating picture: a solution to the inter‐agency coordination challenge 下载免费PDF全文
Although significant progress has been made in developing the practice of humanitarian logistics, further improvements in efficiency and effectiveness have the potential to save lives and reduce suffering. This paper explores how the military/emergency services’ concept of a common operating picture (COP) can be adapted to the humanitarian logistics context, and analyses a practical and proven approach to addressing the key challenge of inter‐agency coordination and decision‐making. Successful adaptation could provide the mechanism through which predicted and actual demands, together with the location and status of material in transit, are captured, evaluated, and presented in real time as the basis for enhanced decision‐making between actors in the humanitarian supply network. Through the introduction of a humanitarian logistics COP and its linkages to national disaster management systems, local communities and countries affected by disasters and emergencies will be better placed to oversee and manage their response activities. 相似文献
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This work was supported by grants OKKFT (Tt) 222/1988 and 310/1988 from the National Foundation of Technical Development (Hungary). Govindjee was supported by an interdisciplinary McKnight Research Grant to the University of Illinois at Urbana, IL (USA). 相似文献
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Glass buildings on river banks as “polarized light traps” for mass-swarming polarotactic caddis flies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The caddis flies Hydropsyche pellucidula emerge at dusk from the river Danube and swarm around trees and bushes on the river bank. We document here that these aquatic insects can also be attracted en masse to the vertical glass surfaces of buildings on the river bank. The individuals lured to dark, vertical glass panes land, copulate, and remain on the glass for hours. Many of them are trapped by the partly open, tiltable windows. In laboratory choice experiments, we showed that ovipositing H. pellucidula are attracted to highly and horizontally polarized light stimulating their ventral eye region and, thus, have positive polarotaxis. In the field, we documented that highly polarizing vertical black glass surfaces are significantly more attractive to both female and male H. pellucidula than weakly polarizing white ones. Using video polarimetry, we measured the reflection-polarization characteristics of vertical glass surfaces of buildings where caddis flies swarmed. We propose that after its emergence from the river, H. pellucidula is attracted to buildings by their dark silhouettes and the glass-reflected, horizontally polarized light. After sunset, this attraction may be strengthened by positive phototaxis elicited by the buildings' lights. The novelty of this visual-ecological phenomenon is that the attraction of caddis flies to vertical glass surfaces has not been expected because vertical glass panes do not resemble the horizontal surface of waters from which these insects emerge and to which they must return to oviposit. 相似文献
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Ventral polarization vision in tabanids: horseflies and deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are attracted to horizontally polarized light 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adult tabanid flies (horseflies and deerflies) are terrestrial and lay their eggs onto marsh plants near bodies of fresh water
because the larvae develop in water or mud. To know how tabanids locate their host animals, terrestrial rendezvous sites and
egg-laying places would be very useful for control measures against them, because the hematophagous females are primary/secondary
vectors of some severe animal/human diseases/parasites. Thus, in choice experiments performed in the field we studied the
behavior of tabanids governed by linearly polarized light. We present here evidence for positive polarotaxis, i.e., attraction
to horizontally polarized light stimulating the ventral eye region, in both males and females of 27 tabanid species. The novelty
of our findings is that positive polarotaxis has been described earlier only in connection with the water detection of some
aquatic insects ovipositing directly into water. A further particularity of our discovery is that in the order Diptera and
among blood-sucking insects the studied tabanids are the first known species possessing ventral polarization vision and definite
polarization-sensitive behavior with known functions. The polarotaxis in tabanid flies makes it possible to develop new optically
luring traps being more efficient than the existing ones based on the attraction of tabanids by the intensity and/or color
of reflected light. 相似文献
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Research into landscape history makes it possible to follow landscape changes in the past and support landscape management, conservation and restoration programs. Floodplain habitats are lost, isolated and fragmented on account of land use. Nowadays, these habitats are threatened by modifications in the natural water regime, as well as agricultural and forestry practices. Floodplains have great importance because they provide a transition between aquatic habitats and terrestrial biotopes. Our analysis of aerial photographs and topographical maps revealed that the major predicted changes in the study area are related to agricultural abandonment and afforestation. The comparison of land cover maps from 1784 to 2005 showed intensification of agriculture with land cover conversions from arable land and orchards to grasslands, marshes and woodlands. The land use types that are mostly responsible for the fragmentation of the landscape are arable land, economic plantations and orchards. We found that fragmentation was greater after 1956. This was caused by socioeconomic changes and showed that the habitats of floodplains have changed intensively during the last 200 years. Knowledge of this last 200 years of history contributes to a more careful and wiser management of the region through biodiversity protection and environmental development. 相似文献
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Sorption behaviour of acetochlor,atrazine, carbendazim,diazinon, imidacloprid and isoproturon on Hungarian agricultural soil 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the sorption behaviour of six commonly used pesticides (acetochlor, atrazine, carbendazim, diazinon, imidacloprid and isoproturon) on Hungarian brown forest soil with clay alluviation (Luvisol) using the batch equilibrium technique. The sorption isotherms could be described by the Freundlich equation in non-linear form (n < 1) for all compounds, however in case of diazinon using the extended Freundlich equation proved to be a better approach. The adsorption constant related soil organic carbon content (Koc) calculated from Freundlich equation were 314 for acetochlor, 133 for atrazine, 2805 for carbendazim, 1589 for diazinon, 210 for imidacloprid and 174 for isoproturon. The octanol-water partition coefficients (Pow), which can be a useful parameter to predict of adsorption behaviour of a chemical on soil, and dissociation coefficients of these pesticides were calculated based on the chemical structure of them using a computerized expert system. The octanol-water partition coefficients were determined experimentally from high performance liquid chromatographic parameters as well. Good agreement was observed between experimental and the computer expert system estimated data. Computer estimated log Pow values ranged 0.5 and 3.86 for the examined pesticides, with imidacloprid and diazinon being the least and most hydrophobic respectively. Experimentally determined logPow ranged between 0.92 and 3.81 with the same tendency. It can be concluded that the Freundlich adsorption constants (Kf) are slightly related to the octanol-water partition coefficients of investigated chemicals, nevertheless no close correlation could be established because of the influence of further characteristics of solutes and soil. 相似文献
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