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Takayoshi Ueno Toru Shiino Hiroshi Onishi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):25-32
Life cycle assessment (LCA), a quantitative method for evaluating the total environmental impact of a product, from the materials
in its manufacture to its final disposal, is playing an increasingly important role in manufacturing. When the LCA method
is applied to a product containing many kinds of electronic components, there is a need for life cycle inventory (LCI) data
on the components. This paper provides an original calculation of the LCI data for each electronic components industry. These
data show the amount of input energy and emissions into the atmosphere per yen of production yield. It is demonstrated that
the magnitude of the LCI data for each industry is essentially equal to that of the other industries. Furthermore, we conclude
that the LCI data for all electronic components are roughly equivalent, making it possible to calculate the LCI data of any
electronic component by simply multiplying the LCI data for the industry by the price of the component. Furthermore, after
comparing the materials production stages with the component manufacturing stage in the calculation, it became clear that
for several component industries the materials production stage could not be omitted from the calculation.
Received: April 10, 1998 / Accepted: February 8, 1999 相似文献
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Takayuki Kondo Kiyoshi Hasegawa Hisako Kurokawa Chiharu Kitagawa Ryutaro Uchida Masanori Onishi 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):183-200
To assess the effect of tree planting on atmospheric phenol, a study was made on the absorption of phenol by various tree species and the tolerance of these species to phenol. The absorption rates ranged from 21.3 (camellia) to 129 ng dm‐2h‐1 ppb‐1 (Japanese elm) at 1000 μmol of photons m‐2 s‐1, and the absorption rate increased in the following order: coniferous tree species ? evergreen broad‐leaved tree species < deciduous broad‐leaved tree species. When the light intensity was varied, a linear relationship between the phenol absorption rate and the transpiration rate was observed for three tree species. In comparison with the absorption rate estimated from a simplified gas diffusive resistance model, we conclude that phenol is absorbed through the stomata and is metabolized fairly rapidly within the leaf tissue, although the absorption rate is less than the estimated potential absorption rate. At phenol concentrations below 200 ppb, the tree can absorb atmospheric phenol for at least 8 h without any visible foliar injury. Trees in general could act as an important sink for atmospheric phenol at phenol concentrations less than 200 ppb, a concentration about twenty times higher than normal ambient levels. 相似文献
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Kyosuke Onishi Tetsuyuki Ueyama Toshifumi Matsuoka Dai Nobuoka Hideki Saito Hiroyuki Azuma Ziqiu Xue 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(3):311-321
A pilot-scale experiment for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration was undertaken at the Nagaoka test field in Japan. Time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography was conducted to detect and monitor the movement of CO2 injected into an aquifer. We applied difference analysis with data normalization (DADN) to the time-lapse data to eliminate false images that were apparent in a conventionally processed difference section. Conventional difference analysis calculates travel-time delays after inversion, whereas the DADN method calculates them from raw travel-time records before inversion. Thus, fewer errors are generated with the DADN method compared to a conventional inversion analysis. We applied the DADN method to time-lapse tomography data recorded before and after the injection of CO2 and computed the velocity variation in a subsurface section, which clearly showed the distribution of CO2 flooding within a high permeability zone in the aquifer and showed no CO2 leakage into the caprock. Our results also show the maximum velocity decrease as a result of CO2 injection was about 9%, which is close to the results obtained in laboratory experiments. Finally, numerical simulations were inverted to test the effectiveness of the conventional and DADN methods in dealing with noise. These tests showed that the DADN method effectively reduces unique coherent noise for particular receiver and source combinations. We concluded that the DADN method provides useful data for monitoring the flow of CO2 sequestered in underground aquifers. 相似文献
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Hirano M Kitamura K Kato I Yanaihara C Iwamoto K Sekiyama M Watanabe C Nakamoto T Miyamoto N Onishi Y Arizono K 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2008,43(1):44-49
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely found in the environment and in the general population. In this study, a direct competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed for the quantitative analysis of DDT. To generate a specific polyclonal antibody for EIA, p, p'-DDT was conjugated to porcine thyroglobulin for rabbit immunization. At optimized EIA conditions, the standard curves ranged from 0.137 to 100 ng/mL with the quantification limit of 0.41 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation (CV%) were 5.42-10.53% for intra-assay and 6.04-7.26% for inter-assay. Cross-reactivities with DDT metabolites (DDTs, including o, p'-DDT, p, p'-DDD, o, p'-DDD, p, p'-DDE, o, p'-DDE, p, p'-dichlorobenzophenone (DCBP), o, p'-DCBP) were investigated. The polyclonal antibody showed relatively low and/or no cross-reactivity with these compounds, and the assay was seen to be highly selective for p, p'-DDT. Moreover, the DDTs could be ranked by their reactivity: DDT > DDD > DDE > DCBP. In addition, the characterization of the polyclonal antibody indicated that the antiserum possesses a high specificity for p, p'-isomers. The results indicated that the developed EIA using this antibody could be a convenient and supplemental analytical tool for monitoring DDT. 相似文献
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