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MURRAY A. RUDD KAREN F. BEAZLEY STEVEN J. COOKE ERICA FLEISHMAN DANIEL E. LANE MICHAEL B. MASCIA ROBIN ROTH GARY TABOR JISELLE A. BAKKER TERESA BELLEFONTAINE DOMINIQUE BERTEAUX BERNARD CANTIN KEITH G. CHAULK KATHRYN CUNNINGHAM ROD DOBELL ELEANOR FAST NADIA FERRARA C. SCOTT FINDLAY LARS K. HALLSTROM THOMAS HAMMOND LUISE HERMANUTZ JEFFREY A. HUTCHINGS KATHRYN E. LINDSAY TIM J. MARTA VIVIAN M. NGUYEN GREG NORTHEY KENT PRIOR SAUDIEL RAMIREZ‐SANCHEZ JAKE RICE DARREN J. H. SLEEP NORA D. SZABO GENEVIÈVE TROTTIER JEAN‐PATRICK TOUSSAINT JEAN‐PHILIPPE VEILLEUX 《Conservation biology》2011,25(3):476-484
Abstract: Integrating knowledge from across the natural and social sciences is necessary to effectively address societal tradeoffs between human use of biological diversity and its preservation. Collaborative processes can change the ways decision makers think about scientific evidence, enhance levels of mutual trust and credibility, and advance the conservation policy discourse. Canada has responsibility for a large fraction of some major ecosystems, such as boreal forests, Arctic tundra, wetlands, and temperate and Arctic oceans. Stressors to biological diversity within these ecosystems arise from activities of the country's resource‐based economy, as well as external drivers of environmental change. Effective management is complicated by incongruence between ecological and political boundaries and conflicting perspectives on social and economic goals. Many knowledge gaps about stressors and their management might be reduced through targeted, timely research. We identify 40 questions that, if addressed or answered, would advance research that has a high probability of supporting development of effective policies and management strategies for species, ecosystems, and ecological processes in Canada. A total of 396 candidate questions drawn from natural and social science disciplines were contributed by individuals with diverse organizational affiliations. These were collaboratively winnowed to 40 by our team of collaborators. The questions emphasize understanding ecosystems, the effects and mitigation of climate change, coordinating governance and management efforts across multiple jurisdictions, and examining relations between conservation policy and the social and economic well‐being of Aboriginal peoples. The questions we identified provide potential links between evidence from the conservation sciences and formulation of policies for conservation and resource management. Our collaborative process of communication and engagement between scientists and decision makers for generating and prioritizing research questions at a national level could be a model for similar efforts beyond Canada. 相似文献
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NORMAN MERCADO-SILVA‡ JULIAN D. OLDEN JEFFREY T. MAXTED THOMAS R. HRABIK† M. JAKE VANDER ZANDEN 《Conservation biology》2006,20(6):1740-1749
Abstract: Rainbow smelt ( Osmerus mordax ) have invaded many North American lakes, often resulting in the extirpation of native fish populations. Yet, their invasion is incipient and provides the rationale for identifying ecosystems likely to be invaded and where management and prevention efforts should be focused. To predict smelt presence and absence, we constructed a classification-tree model based on habitat data from 354 lakes in the native range for smelt in southern Maine. Maximum lake depth, lake area, and Secchi depth (surrogate measure of lake productivity) were the most important predictors. We then used our model to identify lakes vulnerable to invasion in three regions outside the smelt's native range: northern Maine (52 of 244 lakes in the non-native range), Ontario (4447 of 8110), and Wisconsin (553 of 5164). We further identified a subset of lakes with a strong potential for impact (potential–impact lakes) based on the presence of fish species that are affected by rainbow smelt. Ninety-four percent of vulnerable lakes in the non-native range in Maine are also potential–impact lakes, as are 94% and 58% of Ontario and Wisconsin's vulnerable lakes, respectively. Our modeling approach can be applied to other invaders and regions to identify invasion-prone ecosystems, thus aiding in the management of invasive species and the efficient allocation of invasive species mitigation and prevention resources. 相似文献
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WILLIAM C. KOSKINEN PAMELA J. RICE JEFFERY SEEBINGER 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):323-331
To assess the risk of a pesticide to leach to groundwater or to run off to surface water after application, it is necessary to characterize the sorption of the pesticide to soil. For pyrethroids, their hydrophobicity, strong sorption to various materials, and low solubility make it difficult to accurately characterize sorption processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the variability in cyfluthrin ((RS)-α -cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) sorption to soil as affected by experiment conditions. To minimize cyfluthrin sorption on the walls of glass, silanized-glass, stainless steel, and PTFE centrifuge tubes, cyfluthrin solution was added to aqueous soil slurries or directly to soil, after which it was equilibrated with aqueous solution. Depending on the soil, variation in sorption coefficients, K oc, obtained using different experimental methodologies with one soil can be comparable to the variation in K oc values obtained for soils with different physical and chemical properties using one method. K oc values for cyfluthrin ranged from 56,000 to 300,000 L kg?1. Sorption methodology needs to be evaluated before sorption coefficients are used in predictive transport models. 相似文献
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