Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other fluorochemicals in fish blood collected near the outfall of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Beijing

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were measured in zooplankton and five fish species collected from Gaobeidian Lake, which receives discharge from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Beijing, China. The mean total PFCs in five fish were in the order: crucian carp > common carp > leather catfish > white semiknife carp > tilapia. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) occurred at the greatest concentrations, with mean concentrations ranging from 5.74 to 64.2 ng/ml serum. Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was the second dominant PFC in fish samples except for common carp in which perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) was dominant. A positive linear relationship (r² = 0.85, p < 0.05) was observed between ln PFOS concentrations (ln ng/ml) and trophic level (based on δ¹⁵N) if tilapia was excluded. The risk assessment showed that PFOS might not pose an immediate risk to fish in Gaobeidian Lake.     

急上高原人员疏散速度修正的台阶试验研究

为解决高原铁路隧道人员安全疏散问题,基于台阶试验对急上高原人员运动能力进行研究,并基于现场测试、理论分析、资料调研等对不同海拔高度处急上高原人员疏散速度基础参数进行研究.结果表明:得出平原世居者在急上高原时的运动能力下降规律,并通过对比不同拟合类型,得出急上高原者在不同海拔下人员疏散速度折减系数公式;基于海拔和坡度对人...     

Dietary exposure to di-isobutyl phthalate increases urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine level and affects reproductive function in adult male mice

Phthalates are a large family of ubiquitous environmental pollutants suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Epidemiological studies have associated phthalate metabolites with decreased reproductive parameters and linked phthalate exposure with the level of urinary 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5mdC, a product of methylated DNA). In this study, adult male mice were exposed to 450 mg di-isobutyl phthalate(DiBP)/(kg·day) via dietary exposure for 28 days. Mono-isobutyl phthalate(Mi BP, the urinary metabolite) and reproductive function parameters were determined. The levels of 5mdC and 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxycytidine(5hmdC) were measured in urine to evaluate if their contents were also altered by DiBP exposure in this animal model. Results showed that DiBP exposure led to a significant increase in the urinary 5mdC level and significant decreases in sperm concentration and motility in the epididymis, accompanied with reduced testosterone levels and downregulation of the P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme(P450scc) gene in the mice testes. Our findings indicated that exposure to DiBP increased the urinary 5mdC levels,which supported our recent epidemiological study about the associations of urinary 5mdC with phthalate exposure in the male human population. In addition, DiBP exposure impaired male reproductive function, possibly by disturbing testosterone levels; P450scc might be a major steroidogenic enzyme targeted by DiBP or other phthalates.     

酰胺基两性分子对二硫化钨吸附铀容量的影响机制

含铀废水中铀的回收主要是基于材料与[UO₂(H₂O)₅]²⁺中UO₂ ²⁺之间的络合,但H₂O的电偶极矩对络合有显著弱化作用。采用酰胺基两性分子N,N-二甲基-9-癸烯酰胺（NADA）氢键作用与[UO₂(H₂O)₅]²⁺形成UO₂[(H₂O)_xC₁₂H₂₃NO]_n ^*（x<5,UO₂-Coordination Compound,简称UO₂-CC）,选取惰性物质WS₂为吸附材料,通过静态吸附试验（不同pH、接触时间、浓度和温度）分别研究其对UO₂ ²⁺和UO₂-CC的吸附量。动力学拟合结果表明,二者的吸附反应是化学吸附过程,UO₂ ²⁺经NADA重构后,吸附时间从240 min缩短至180 min,准二级动力学吸附常数提高1.35倍。等温吸附研究结果表明,WS₂与UO₂-CC络合过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,且NADA的加入使吸附由自发吸热过程转变为自发放热过程,吸附反应过程有序度增加。NADA原位重构[UO₂(H₂O)₅]²⁺后,WS₂对UO₂ ²⁺的平衡吸附量由45.03 mg/g（WS₂/UO₂ ²⁺体系）提高到122.14 mg/g（WS₂/UO₂-CC体系）。采用光谱分析（X射线光电子能谱法）从分子水平深入研究NADA原位重构[UO₂(H₂O)₅]²⁺后在WS₂上的吸附机制,揭示静电、氢键和U—S共价键等作用力对吸附的贡献,特别是NADA的氢键作用。

     

Organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediment from Baiyangdian Lake, North China： Concentrations, sources profiles and potential risk

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were determined in nineteen surface sediment samples collected from Baiyangdian Lake and its inflowing river(Fuhe River) in North China.Total concentrations of OCPs,PCBs and PAHs in sediments ranged from 5.4 to 707.6 ng/g,2.3 to 197.8 ng/g,and 101.3 to 6360.5 ng/g,respectively.The levels of contaminants in Fuhe River were significantly higher than those in Baiyandian Lake.For hexachlorocyclohexane(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenytrichloroethanes(DDTs),α-HCH and p,p-DDT were predominant isomers;while for PCBs,PCB 28/31,PCB 40/103,PCB 60,PCB 101,and PCB 118 were predominant congeners.Possible sources derived from historical usage for OCPs and incomplete combustion fuel,wood,and coal and exhaustion of boats or cars for PAHs.Risk assessment of sediment indicated that sediments in Fuhe River were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact.     

草/藻混合分布型湖泊沉积物释放风险与治理对策:以太湖为例

研究太湖不同湖区底泥污染评价与氮磷释放风险,以评估太湖沉积物氮磷营养盐交换通量对上覆水水质产生的重要影响。结果显示:太湖底泥中ρ(TN)在1.85~3.57 g/kg,污染综合指数评价处于重度污染水平;ρ(TP)介于0.15~1.40 g/kg,通过污染综合指数评价,各湖区沉积物中草型湖区(东太湖、南太湖)处于清洁水平。不同湖区表层沉积物孔隙水中NH₄⁺-N、溶解态磷(TDP)浓度远高于上覆水。藻型湖区梅梁湾NH₄⁺-N释放速率为125.86 mg/(m²·d),TDP释放速率为4.88 mg/(m²·d);草型湖区东太湖NH₄⁺-N释放速率为42.46 mg/(m²·d),TDP释放速率为3.93 mg/(m²·d)。藻型湖区沉积物TN、TP污染高于草型湖区,藻型湖区表层沉积物-水界面NH₄⁺-N、TDP释放速率高于草型湖区,氮磷内源释放风险较大,是湖泊富营养化主要原因。可通过外源污染控制结合原位覆盖技术、生态系统修复、曝气复氧、底泥环保疏浚以及底泥钝化等内源治理多种方式,降低湖内营养负荷,提升太湖对水体污染物的净化作用。     

试论凝灰熔岩——碎斑熔岩——花岗斑岩的成因联系

本文从岩相岩石学特征、地球化学演化,讨论了凝灰熔岩、碎斑熔岩、花岗斑岩三者之间的成因联系:它们是同源岩浆经分异结晶,形成岩浆房成分梯度和分带后,分别代表岩浆房从上到下不同部位成分岩浆依次侵位、在不同成岩条件下形成的一套岩石,可建立“三位一体”成岩模式.     

沈阳地区冬季空气颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析

文章利用2016～2017年冬季沈阳地区气象数据和环境空气污染物浓度数据,综合分析沈阳地区冬季环境空气污染特征,分析颗粒物输送路径以及潜在源区贡献情况.结果表明,沈阳地区冬季污染时段内PM2.5是主要污染物,PM2.5平均浓度达到149μg/m3,最大值达到273 μg/m3.沈阳地区环境空气颗粒物除来源于本地排放外,...