不同轴压/侧压下逐步开挖马蹄形巷道围岩分区破裂化数值模拟

基于空间局部化视角研究分区破裂化的发生机制。采用三维非均质应变软化模型,在逐步开挖和不同轴压与侧压之比条件下研究了马蹄形（U形）巷道围岩不同剖面和测线上剪切应变增量的分布特征。结果表明：U形巷道围岩的分区破裂化呈圆环形;分区破裂化可出在现掌子面的前、后方;在掌子面前方,随着远离掌子面,分区破裂化有所减弱,直至消失;轴压与侧压之比越大,分区破裂化越明显;在垂直于巷道轴线的不同平面上,分区破裂化有所不同,这与不同剪切带的特征不同及发育不同有关;共轭剪切带的出现,会使分区破裂化变得复杂。启动于巷道表面的空间圆锥剪切面的充分发展产生了分区破裂化。     

学习力:提升矿工安全素质的第一要素

本文根据对同是高危险行业的煤矿系统和民航系统的安全状况比较分析,提出了通过提升矿工学习力以提高安全素质进而改善煤矿安全状况的重大课题.文中分析了学习力对提升矿工安全素质的作用机理,研究了学习力的控制要素及其结构关系,设计了学习力模型,根据模型提出了提升矿工学习力的具体方法.     

Identification of Forest Vegetation Using Vegetation Indices

Abstract

Spectral feature of forest vegetation with remote sensing techniques is the research topic all over the world, because forest plays an important role in human beings' living environment. Research on vegetation classification with vegetation index is still very little recently. This paper proposes a method of identifying forest types based on vegetation indices, because the contrast of absorbing red waveband with reflecting near-infrared waveband strongly for different vegetation types is recognized as the theoretic basis of vegetation analysis with remote sensing. Vegetation index is highly related to leaf area index, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and vegetation cover. Vegetation index reflects photosynthesis intensity of plants and manifests different forest types. According to reflectance data of forest canopy and soil line equation NIR=1.506R+0.0076 in Jingyuetan, Changchun of China, many vegetation indices are calculated and analyzed. The result shows that the relationships between vegetation indices and forest types are that perpendicular vegetation index (PVI) identifies broadleaf forest and coniferous forest the most easily; the next is transformed soil-adjusted vegetation index (TSVI) and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSVI), but their calculation is complex. Ratio vegetation index (RVI) values of different coniferous forest vary obviously, so RVI can classify conifers. Therefore, the combination of PVI and RVI is evaluated to classify different vegetation types.     

Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from an inland background area in Southwest China: Correlations between secondary organic aerosol tracers and source apportionment

PM_(2.5) aerosol samples were collected over 12 hr and 24 hr intervals in an inland background area, Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve(hereafter shortened to Gongga), during the summer of 2011. Polar organic tracers, inorganic ions and meteorological data were measured. The purpose of this work was to investigate the variation patterns, formation and sources of the secondary organic aerosol tracers in the studied atmosphere. The average concentrations of isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, β-caryophyllinic acid, sugars, sugar alcohols and anhydrosugars were 88.6 ± 106.1, 3.6 ± 5.7,0.13 ± 0.30, 13.6 ± 13.1, 31.9 ± 31.4 and 14.8 ± 10.7 ng/m3 respectively in all aerosol samples.The aged α-pinene second organic aerosol(SOA) tracers(i.e., 3-hydroxyglutraric acid(3 HGA), 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylglutaric acid(HDMGA), 3-acetylpentandioic acid(APDA) and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid(MBTCA)) correlated significantly with each other in the 24 hr PM2.5 aerosol samples, indicating that OH· is the major factor controlling the formation of these α-pinene SOA tracers. Using the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and the tracer-based source apportionment method, we calculated that isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, sesquiterpene oxidation products, biomass burning, fungi spores and anthropogenic SOA accounted for 21.9% ± 5.5%, 8.4% ± 2.1%, 3.0% ± 0.7%, 5.2% ± 5.3%, 5.0% ± 6.2% and 31.4% ± 7.8% of organic carbon respectively during the sampling period.     

Analysis on Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Poverty-Stricken Areas in Hebei Province

1 INTRODUCTIONPoverty is a social phenomenon accompanying the processof human development (Shen Hong, 2000),it is also oneof the Three Ps problems (poverty, pollution andpopulation),alleviating and eliminating poverty has beenone of the major concerns in many countries. Since Chinesegovernment has implemented the anti-poverty programin a planned way in 1986, the number of impoverishedpopulation has decreased year by year, especially after theimplementation of National Seven-Year Anti-p…     

Land Degradation Evaluation in North Hebei Province Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Land degradation is one of the serious environmental problems that can lead to poverty, and is especially prominent in eco-fragile areas in developing countries and increases the risk of environmental safety. North Hebei Province belongs to an ecologically fragile region in North China, which has great impact on the eco-safety of Beijing and Tianjin. Using Landsat TM data and GIS, this paper evaluates land degradation in North Hebei province of China from the the 1960＇s to 1987 and 2000. Land use/cover change pattern from 1987 to 2000, its regional difference and forest change characteristics will also be analyzed; soil erosion intensity and arable land suitability were also evaluated. Results revealed that land use/cover pattern in this study area did not change greatly from 1987 to 2000. The structure and function of regional land ecosystem was at a level of local improvement and integral deterioration. Land above medium soil erosion intensity reached 21 percent, which was also the area with a serious soil erosion and land degradation problem. Soil erosion and land degradation intensity of grassland was the biggest. For the present arable land, the proportion of high suitability was 13 percent.     

焦化干气制氢装置燃烧爆炸危险性分析与预防

分析了中国石化沧州分公司10000m^3／h焦化干气制氢装置生产过程中可能发生的燃烧爆炸危险,并提出了预防措施。     

编制企业级事故应急救援预案的探讨

强调了编写好企业级事故应急救援预案的必要性.探讨了编制企业级事故应急救援预案的步骤、内容及其注意事项.     

Identification of Forest Vegetation Using Vegetation Indices

Spectral feature of forest vegetation with remote sensing techniques is the research topic all over the world, because forest plays an important role in human beings' living environment. Research on vegetation classification with vegetation index is still very little recently. This paper proposes a method of identifying forest types based on vegetation indices, because the contrast of absorbing red waveband with reflecting near-infrared waveband strongly for different vegetation types is recognized as the theoretic basis of vegetation analysis with remote sensing. Vegetation index is highly related to leaf area index, absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and vegetation cover. Vegetation index reflects photosynthesis intensity of plants and manifests different forest types. According to reflectance data of forest canopy and soil line equation NIR=1.506R+0.0076 in Jingyuetan, Changchun of China, many vegetation indices are calculated and analyzed. The result shows that the relationships between veg