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排序方式: 共有74条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kobayashi T Hirose J Sano K Hiro N Ijiri Y Takiuchi H Tamai H Takenaka H Tanaka K Nakano T 《Chemosphere》2008,72(4):659-665
We recently reported a system for inactivating antineoplastics in which sodium hypochlorite is supplied by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. In this study, we designed an electrolysis apparatus for inactivating the cytotoxicity of antineoplastics in clinical wastewater using the system. The apparatus consists of an electrolysis cell with platinum-iridium electrodes, a pool tank, a circulating system for wastewater, a safety system for explosive gas and overflow, and an exhaust duct. The free chlorine concentration increased linearly up to 6500 mg l(-1), and pH also increased to 9.0-10.0 within 2h, when 0.9% sodium chloride solution was electrolyzed. We examined its efficacy with model and clinical wastewaters. The reciprocal of dilution factor for disappearance of cytotoxicity using Molt-4 cells was compared before and after electrolysis. In the model wastewater, that was 9.10 x 10(4) before electrolysis, and 3.56 x 10(2) after 2h of electrolysis. In the clinical wastewater (n=26), that was 6.90 x 10(3)-1.02 x 10(6) before electrolysis, and 1.08 x 10(2)-1.45 x 10(4) after 2h of electrolysis. Poisonous and explosive gases released by the electrolysis were measured; however, they were found to be negligible in terms of safety. The environmental load was evaluated by carbon dioxide generation as an index and it was found that the carbon dioxide generated by the electrolysis method was 1/70 lower than that by the dilution method with tap water. Moreover, the cost of the electrolysis method was 1/170 lower than that of the dilution method. This method was found to be both effective and economically valuable. 相似文献
2.
偏振激光雷达在沙尘暴观测中的数据解析 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12
阐述了日本国立环境研究所(NIES)研制的双波长偏振激光雷达的工作原理和主要工作参数,探讨了激光雷达方程在沙尘暴监测中的应用条件,并对激光雷达获取的各种信息进行直观图视化处理.分别用光学强度、后向散射强度、退偏振率、消光系数以及双波长信号比等对沙尘天气的污染特征进行了解析,并对垂直方向沙尘浓度的分布进行了计算.研究表明:退偏振率大于10%时,即可判断为沙尘天气;双波长信号比(P(1 064)/P(532))大于0.4,则表示该期间为沙尘天气;利用消光系数表示气溶胶浓度时,NIES激光雷达观测沙尘气溶胶消光系数超过0.3 km-1(ρ(TSP)约为500 μg/m3),且持续时间超过3 h的沙尘天气现象即可判断为一次沙尘事件.根据激光雷达特有物理量对沙尘气溶胶的不同判定标准,对沙尘事件的强度、持续时间、沙尘云厚度以及沙尘天气的污染特征进行了解析和探讨. 相似文献
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4.
Nina Y. Ileva Hideaki Shibata Fuyuki Satoh Kaichiro Sasa Hiroshi Ueda 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(2):189-198
The present research investigated the relationship between nitrate–nitrogen (NO3–N) in river water and the land use/land cover (hereafter, land use) in the Teshio River watershed located in northern Hokkaido
island to understand the effect of human activities such as agriculture, forestry, industry, and urbanization in the drainage
basin on the river ecosystem quality and services. River water was sampled at nine points seasonally during a 2-year period
and the nutrients concentration was measured. Land use profiles were estimated at two spatial scales, riparian and sub-catchment,
for each sampling station. The spatial pattern of water quality in the Teshio River showed increased NO3–N levels associated with agriculture and urban expansion, and forest reduction in the watershed. Land use at the riparian
scale closely reflected that at the sub-catchment scale, which masked the unique riparian buffer effect on the river water
condition. The increased agricultural and reduced forest area in the riparian zone, especially in the upper middle reach,
could be a possible reason for a decline of ecosystem service for the provisioning of clean water and habitat for aquatic
organisms. Measures towards sustainable and more nature-friendly agricultural management are necessary in the area to protect
the Teshio River ecosystem and its ecosystem services. 相似文献
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6.
Dietary patterns and blood levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in 1656 Japanese individuals
Arisawa K Uemura H Hiyoshi M Kitayama A Takami H Sawachika F Nishioka Y Hasegawa M Tanto M Satoh H Shima M Sumiyoshi Y Morinaga K Kodama K Suzuki T Nagai M 《Chemosphere》2011,82(5):656-662
The association between dietary patterns and blood dioxin levels has not been fully investigated. The present study population consisted of 755 men and 901 women (aged 15-73 years) living in 90 different areas of 30 prefectures of Japan. Dietary habits were assessed by inquiring about the consumption frequency of 28 foods, food groups and beverages. In addition, the blood levels of 29 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (DL-PCBs) congeners were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The median total toxicity equivalent (TEQ) in the blood, which was calculated on the basis of the toxicity equivalency factors of WHO (2005), was 16 pg TEQ g−1 lipid. Principal component analysis identified five dietary patterns: Healthy diet (high intake of vegetables and fruits); Meat/High fat intake (high intake of meat, meat products, and eggs); Seafood and Alcohol (high intake of fish, shellfish, and alcoholic beverages); Miscellaneous; and Milk products and Alcohol intake (high intake of milk, Milk products, and alcoholic beverages). After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and smoking habits, the Seafood and Alcohol pattern scores were significantly related to higher blood levels of total TEQ and PCDDs/PCDFs/DL-PCBs, and the Milk products and Alcohol pattern scores were correlated with higher blood levels of DL-PCBs. More detailed analysis showed that the intake frequencies for alcoholic beverages and seafood were independently and positively associated with total TEQ and the TEQ of PCDFs and DL-PCBs. The association between alcoholic beverage intake and PCDDs was also significant. Analysis of dietary patterns may be useful for identifying the dietary characteristics of individuals with a high dioxin body burden. 相似文献
7.
Ricardo Ortiz Kenji Enya Kazuhiko Sekiguchi Kazuhiko Sakamoto 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):382-388
An annular denuder and filter-pack system was tested in combination with the use of the in-tube and on-fiber O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA)-derivatization technique to simultaneously sample and measure gaseous and particulate concentrations of semivolatile bifunctional carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere. Ozone was denuded from the sampling air to avoid oxidation and PFBHA was used as the sorbent by coating the sampling denuders and impregnating the filters. The collection efficiency of the system was evaluated under different conditions in photochemical smog chamber experiments and in field samplings of urban and suburban atmospheres. The effects of concentration level, temperature, and humidity on the collection efficiency were assessed. The system showed average collection efficiencies in one denuder from 81% for pyruvic acid and 82% for glyoxylic acid to 87% for hydroxyacetone and dihydroxyacetone. The capacity of the filters to collect the gaseous fraction that cannot be collected in the denuders was also evaluated, and the system allows a correction for this artifact. The application of this method to chamber experiments and field samplings offers an easy-to-apply technique with good results that can be used to evaluate the partition mechanisms of these compounds in the atmosphere. 相似文献
8.
Zhaozhong Feng Kazuhiko Kobayashi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(8):1510-1519
Meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the effects of rising ozone concentrations ([O3]) on yield and yield components of major food crops: potato, barley, wheat, rice, bean and soybean in 406 experimental observations. Yield loss of the crops under current and future [O3] was expressed relative to the yield under base [O3] (≤26 ppb). With potato, current [O3] (31–50 ppb) reduced the yield by 5.3%, and it reduced the yield of barley, wheat and rice by 8.9%, 9.7% and 17.5%, respectively. In bean and soybean, the yield losses were 19.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Compared with yield loss at current [O3], future [O3] (51–75 ppb) drove a further 10% loss in yield of soybean, wheat and rice, and 20% loss in bean. Mass of individual grain, seed, or tuber was often the major cause of the yield loss at current and future [O3], whereas other yield components also contributed to the yield loss in some cases. No significant difference was found between the responses in crops grown in pots and those in the ground for any yield parameters. The ameliorating effect of elevated [CO2] was significant in the yields of wheat and potato, and the individual grain weight in wheat exposed to future [O3]. These findings confirm the rising [O3] as a threat to food security for the growing global population in this century. 相似文献
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