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Mao Meizhou Liu Zihui Dong Huiru Liu Jingyi Kathe K. Bertines Minoru Koide Edward D. Goldberg 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1991,3(1):109-116
The fluxes of heavy metals and magnetite, a fly-ash component, from coal burning, to sediments of the Kunming Lake in Beijing have increased measurably over the last fifty years. Ages were introduced to the sediment strata through Pb-210 geochronologies. Even with a doubling of coal usage by the year 2000, the anthropogenic metal fluxes will still be less than those recorded in metropolitan Tokyo and U.S. lakes. 相似文献
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Andrea Gori Sergio Rossi Cristina Linares Elisa Berganzo Covadonga Orejas Mark RT Dale Josep-Maria Gili 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1721-1732
In the Western Mediterranean Sea, the gorgonian Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1794) is found at high densities on sublittoral bottoms at depths from 10 to 70 m. Shallow colonies have symbiotic
zooxanthellae that deeper colonies lack. While knowledge of the ecology of the shallow populations has increased during the
last decades, there is almost no information on the ecology of the deep sublittoral populations. In October and November 2004
at Cap de Creus (42°19′12″ N; 03°19′34″ E), an analysis of video transects made by a remotely operated vehicle showed that
shallow populations (10–25 m depth) were dominated by small, non-reproductive colonies, while deep sublittoral populations
(50–67 m depth) were dominated by medium-sized colonies. Average and maximum colony heights were greater in the deeper populations,
with these deeper populations also forming larger patch sizes and more extensive regions of continuous substrate coverage.
These results suggest that shallow habitats are suitable for E. singularis, as shown by the high recruitment rate, but perturbations may limit or delay the development of these populations into a
mature stage. This contrasts with the deep sublittoral habitats where higher environmental stability may allow the development
of mature populations dominated by larger, sexually mature colonies. 相似文献
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r2 = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer. 相似文献
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Revegetation was studied on stockpiled serpentine substrate. The native vegetation surrounding the revegetation site is annual grassland. The seed mixture applied to both subsoil and topsoil plots was largely ineffective for revegetation. No growth occurred in the subsoil plots and most of the growth in the topsoil plots was from indigenous seed. Phosphate application (100 kg P ha–1 as NaH2PO4 · H2O) to the topsoil plots resulted in a significant increase in total above-ground productivity. Annual legumes (mostlyLotus subpinnatus Lag.) and, to a lesser degree,Plantago erecta Morris responded to the added phosphate with an increased above-ground productivity. Other annual forbs and annual grasses showed no significant response. The legumes also increased in abundance. Mycorrhizal root colonization forPlantago was not significantly affected by phosphate application, but was lower in this disturbed serpentine site compared to other undisturbed serpentine annual grassland sites nearby. 相似文献
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This article proposes to analyze the quantitative effects of a gradual physical and "social" exhaustion of a landfill site on an equilibrium waste management service. A gradual social exhaustion of a landfill is defined here as an upward shift of a "subjective factor" associated with the amount of waste, based on the plausible hypothesis that an individual will not accept excessive presence of landfilled waste. Physical exhaustion occurs when the absolute capacity of a landfill site decreases. The paper shows some numerical examples using specific functions and parameters, and proposes appropriate directions for three policy objectives: to decrease the equilibrium waste disposal, to increase the economic surplus of the individual and/or the waste management firm, and to lower the equilibrium collection fee. 相似文献
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Ectomycorrhizal fungal tissues comprise a significant forest-litter pool. Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi may also influence the decomposition of other forest-litter components via competitive interactions with decomposer fungi and by ensheathing fine roots. Because of these direct and indirect effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the factors that control the decomposition of EM fungi will strongly control forest-litter decomposition as a whole and, thus, ecosystem nutrient and carbon cycling. Some have suggested that chitin, a component of fungal cell walls, reduces fungal tissue decomposition because it is relatively recalcitrant. We therefore examined the change in chitin concentrations of EM fungal tissues during decomposition. Our results show that chitin is not recalcitrant relative to other compounds in fungal tissues and that its concentration is positively related to the decomposition of fungal tissues. Variation existing among EM fungal isolates in chitin concentration suggests that EM fungal community structure influences C and nutrient cycling. 相似文献
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